Projects - User contributions [en]

Projects:2014S1-35 Human Activity Recognition to Support Independent Living

2014-10-26T04:31:05Z

A1635365: /* Results and Outcomes */

This project aims to build a Hybrid Power RFID sensor tag which could renovate the way of tag-to-reader communications based on the Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform (WISP) 4.1 DL version developed by Intel Research Seattle.

== Project information ==
The holistic goal of the Human Activity Recognition to Support Independent Living project is to determine if the use of privacy preserving radio-frequency identification technology and wireless sensor technology to detect patient activities can form the basis for a technological solution to support independent living, specifically, build a Hybrid Power RFID sensor tag which could renovate the way of tag-to-reader communications based on the Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform (WISP) 4.1 DL version.

A WISP is generally a sensing and computing device that is powered and read by a standard off-the-shelf RFID reader [1].

Currently, there are three common approaches to provide power and tag-to-reader communications. The first one is the passive sensor tag, it receives all its operating power from an RFID reader. It is battery-free but with short wireless communication distance and the requirement of proximity to RFID reader is high [2]. The second one is the semi-passive sensor tag, it uses batteries to run the chip’s circuitry, but communicates by drawing power from the reader. The last one is the active sensor tag, it provides long wireless communication distance but in the expense of high cost and low lifetime since it requires one-time batteries to power for the tag and radio.

=== Project Aims ===
An enhanced version of the sensor tag is proposed.

The individual aim of this project is to formulate, design and build a Battery Management Unit (BMU) capable of charging/discharging under different circumstances and increase the communication distance of the tag. The BMU shall be smart to decide when to use the battery to power the WISP and be charged by the UHF reader.

It is supposed to combine all the advantages from the current three types of sensor tags and achieve better overall performance with low power consumption. Longer communication distance and better life time shall be realized.

=== Outline of proposed work ===
* Battery Test
* Building Hybrid Power RFID Sensor Tags

=== Project Approach ===
==== Original WISP performance ====
[[File:WISPDV.png]]

* The WISP 4.1 DL communication and error rates as a function of RF attenuation and calculate distance.

==== Block Diagram ====
* Origianl WISP
[[File:Original.png]]

The original WISP design block diagram with no battery.

* Proposed Design
[[File:New.png]]

The above is our proposed design with Battery Management Unit (BMU). The external battery would be automatically charged and discharged under different distance between the RFID reader and the WISP corresponding to the output voltage from the power harvester.

==== Battery Test ====

Simulate charging and discharging conditions using power supply based on the actual tag operation.

Charging condition

[[File:1Bat3.png]]

Discharging condition

[[File:1Bat4.png]]

==== Hardware Design Approach ====
As the WISP works under ultralow current (250uA), thus there will be a great possibility that the added Battery Management Unit (BMU) would absorb most of the current and kill the rest of the system normal operation. After struggling different designs by our own, the EnerChip CC series with integrated power management finally become a sophisticated power solution as the heart of our ultimate design.

Here we provide two different ultimate designs block diagrams:

* Design 1

[[File:2Hard13.png]]

The EnerChip CC CBC 3105 with external battery or supercapacitor, a voltage detector, a traslator and a voltage regulator.

Note: By varying the R2 resistor to 360kohms when the R1 is 200kohms in order to lower the threshold voltage to 2.15V.

* Design 2

[[File:2Hard18.png]]

The EnerChip CC CBC 3105 with an external battery or supercapacitor, a voltage doubler, an analog switch, two voltage detectors and translators, and a voltage regulator.

Note: The BMU can automatically switch between three stages: when the voltage is between 2V and 2.5V, use the voltage doubler to boost up the incoming harvested voltage and turn off the additional 1V voltage detector; when the voltage is above 2.5V, turn off the voltage doubler and the 1V additional voltage detector; when it goes below 2V, turn on the 1V additional voltage detector.

This design tends to consume less power than the first design after the theoretical analysis and calculations.

==== Testing Scenario ====

Our testing environment consists of an RFID reader and a sensor tag which is the WISP. We hold the tag and see whether if could be identified. The RFID reader sends a query to the tag and the tag returns an answer generally containing identifying information through Radio transmissions. The RFID reader sends the identifying information to our host computer, where it can be incorporated into a database to track objects and guide the activities of man and machines or revealed in human-readable form.

[[File:RFIDoverview.JPG]]

=== Technical Merits ===
* Longer communication distance
* Better power utilization
* Good life time
* Functionalities fully remained
* Low cost
* Ultra-small size

=== Results and Outcomes ===
==== Battery Test ====
[[File:1Bat5.png]]

Charging curves for 6mAh NiMH batteries

[[File:sc.png]]

Charging curves for 0.1F electric double layer capacitors

[[File:bd.png]]

Discharging curves for 6mAh NiMH batteries

[[File:sd.png]]

Discharging curves for 0.1F electric double layer capacitors

The Electric double layer capacitors (supercapacitor) tends to have better performance to NiMH batteries with shorter charging time, less constraints on the charging/discharging voltage and greater lifespan.

==== Hybrid Power RFID sensor tag ====
[[File:R.JPG]]

Tag performance comparisons

=== Future Works ===
* Increase the tag charging distance and communication distance
* Increment the standby time at brownout situation
* Decrease the time of charging
* Lower the power consumption
* Minimize the size

== Team ==
=== Group members ===
* Mr Yuchen Dong
* Mr Han Xue

=== Supervisors ===
* Dr Said Al-Sarawi
* Dr Damith Ranasinghe

=== Resources ===
* WISP 4.1 DL
* RFID Reader, Antenna
* Host Computer
* USB Key Debugger
* IAR Embedded Workbench

=== References ===
* [1] Intel Research Seattle, “WISP Wiki,” [Online] https://wisp.wikispaces.com (Accessed: 2 October 2014).
* [2] A. P. Sample et al., “Design of an RFID-Based Battery-Free Programmable Sensing Platform,” IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 57, no. 11, pp. 2608 2615, Nov. 2008.
* [3] Quick Introduction to RFID[Online], Available: http://www.polygait.calpoly.edu/tutorial.htm

Projects:2014S1-35 Human Activity Recognition to Support Independent Living

2014-10-26T04:30:04Z

A1635365: /* Results and Outcomes */

This project aims to build a Hybrid Power RFID sensor tag which could renovate the way of tag-to-reader communications based on the Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform (WISP) 4.1 DL version developed by Intel Research Seattle.

== Project information ==
The holistic goal of the Human Activity Recognition to Support Independent Living project is to determine if the use of privacy preserving radio-frequency identification technology and wireless sensor technology to detect patient activities can form the basis for a technological solution to support independent living, specifically, build a Hybrid Power RFID sensor tag which could renovate the way of tag-to-reader communications based on the Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform (WISP) 4.1 DL version.

A WISP is generally a sensing and computing device that is powered and read by a standard off-the-shelf RFID reader [1].

Currently, there are three common approaches to provide power and tag-to-reader communications. The first one is the passive sensor tag, it receives all its operating power from an RFID reader. It is battery-free but with short wireless communication distance and the requirement of proximity to RFID reader is high [2]. The second one is the semi-passive sensor tag, it uses batteries to run the chip’s circuitry, but communicates by drawing power from the reader. The last one is the active sensor tag, it provides long wireless communication distance but in the expense of high cost and low lifetime since it requires one-time batteries to power for the tag and radio.

=== Project Aims ===
An enhanced version of the sensor tag is proposed.

The individual aim of this project is to formulate, design and build a Battery Management Unit (BMU) capable of charging/discharging under different circumstances and increase the communication distance of the tag. The BMU shall be smart to decide when to use the battery to power the WISP and be charged by the UHF reader.

It is supposed to combine all the advantages from the current three types of sensor tags and achieve better overall performance with low power consumption. Longer communication distance and better life time shall be realized.

=== Outline of proposed work ===
* Battery Test
* Building Hybrid Power RFID Sensor Tags

=== Project Approach ===
==== Original WISP performance ====
[[File:WISPDV.png]]

* The WISP 4.1 DL communication and error rates as a function of RF attenuation and calculate distance.

==== Block Diagram ====
* Origianl WISP
[[File:Original.png]]

The original WISP design block diagram with no battery.

* Proposed Design
[[File:New.png]]

The above is our proposed design with Battery Management Unit (BMU). The external battery would be automatically charged and discharged under different distance between the RFID reader and the WISP corresponding to the output voltage from the power harvester.

==== Battery Test ====

Simulate charging and discharging conditions using power supply based on the actual tag operation.

Charging condition

[[File:1Bat3.png]]

Discharging condition

[[File:1Bat4.png]]

==== Hardware Design Approach ====
As the WISP works under ultralow current (250uA), thus there will be a great possibility that the added Battery Management Unit (BMU) would absorb most of the current and kill the rest of the system normal operation. After struggling different designs by our own, the EnerChip CC series with integrated power management finally become a sophisticated power solution as the heart of our ultimate design.

Here we provide two different ultimate designs block diagrams:

* Design 1

[[File:2Hard13.png]]

The EnerChip CC CBC 3105 with external battery or supercapacitor, a voltage detector, a traslator and a voltage regulator.

Note: By varying the R2 resistor to 360kohms when the R1 is 200kohms in order to lower the threshold voltage to 2.15V.

* Design 2

[[File:2Hard18.png]]

The EnerChip CC CBC 3105 with an external battery or supercapacitor, a voltage doubler, an analog switch, two voltage detectors and translators, and a voltage regulator.

Note: The BMU can automatically switch between three stages: when the voltage is between 2V and 2.5V, use the voltage doubler to boost up the incoming harvested voltage and turn off the additional 1V voltage detector; when the voltage is above 2.5V, turn off the voltage doubler and the 1V additional voltage detector; when it goes below 2V, turn on the 1V additional voltage detector.

This design tends to consume less power than the first design after the theoretical analysis and calculations.

==== Testing Scenario ====

Our testing environment consists of an RFID reader and a sensor tag which is the WISP. We hold the tag and see whether if could be identified. The RFID reader sends a query to the tag and the tag returns an answer generally containing identifying information through Radio transmissions. The RFID reader sends the identifying information to our host computer, where it can be incorporated into a database to track objects and guide the activities of man and machines or revealed in human-readable form.

[[File:RFIDoverview.JPG]]

=== Technical Merits ===
* Longer communication distance
* Better power utilization
* Good life time
* Functionalities fully remained
* Low cost
* Ultra-small size

=== Results and Outcomes ===

[[File:1Bat5.png]]

Charging curves for 6mAh NiMH batteries

[[File:sc.png]]

Charging curves for 0.1F electric double layer capacitors

[[File:bd.png]]

Discharging curves for 6mAh NiMH batteries

[[File:sd.png]]

Discharging curves for 0.1F electric double layer capacitors

The Electric double layer capacitors (supercapacitor) tends to have better performance to NiMH batteries with shorter charging time, less constraints on the charging/discharging voltage and greater lifespan.

[[File:R.JPG]]

Tag performance comparisons

=== Future Works ===
* Increase the tag charging distance and communication distance
* Increment the standby time at brownout situation
* Decrease the time of charging
* Lower the power consumption
* Minimize the size

== Team ==
=== Group members ===
* Mr Yuchen Dong
* Mr Han Xue

=== Supervisors ===
* Dr Said Al-Sarawi
* Dr Damith Ranasinghe

=== Resources ===
* WISP 4.1 DL
* RFID Reader, Antenna
* Host Computer
* USB Key Debugger
* IAR Embedded Workbench

=== References ===
* [1] Intel Research Seattle, “WISP Wiki,” [Online] https://wisp.wikispaces.com (Accessed: 2 October 2014).
* [2] A. P. Sample et al., “Design of an RFID-Based Battery-Free Programmable Sensing Platform,” IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 57, no. 11, pp. 2608 2615, Nov. 2008.
* [3] Quick Introduction to RFID[Online], Available: http://www.polygait.calpoly.edu/tutorial.htm

Projects:2014S1-35 Human Activity Recognition to Support Independent Living

2014-10-25T10:45:57Z

A1635365: /* Tag Design Approach */

This project aims to build a Hybrid Power RFID sensor tag which could renovate the way of tag-to-reader communications based on the Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform (WISP) 4.1 DL version developed by Intel Research Seattle.

== Project information ==
The holistic goal of the Human Activity Recognition to Support Independent Living project is to determine if the use of privacy preserving radio-frequency identification technology and wireless sensor technology to detect patient activities can form the basis for a technological solution to support independent living, specifically, build a Hybrid Power RFID sensor tag which could renovate the way of tag-to-reader communications based on the Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform (WISP) 4.1 DL version.

A WISP is generally a sensing and computing device that is powered and read by a standard off-the-shelf RFID reader [1].

Currently, there are three common approaches to provide power and tag-to-reader communications. The first one is the passive sensor tag, it receives all its operating power from an RFID reader. It is battery-free but with short wireless communication distance and the requirement of proximity to RFID reader is high [2]. The second one is the semi-passive sensor tag, it uses batteries to run the chip’s circuitry, but communicates by drawing power from the reader. The last one is the active sensor tag, it provides long wireless communication distance but in the expense of high cost and low lifetime since it requires one-time batteries to power for the tag and radio.

=== Project Aims ===
An enhanced version of the sensor tag is proposed.

The individual aim of this project is to formulate, design and build a Battery Management Unit (BMU) capable of charging/discharging under different circumstances and increase the communication distance of the tag. The BMU shall be smart to decide when to use the battery to power the WISP and be charged by the UHF reader.

It is supposed to combine all the advantages from the current three types of sensor tags and achieve better overall performance with low power consumption. Longer communication distance and better life time shall be realized.

=== Outline of proposed work ===
* Battery Test
* Building Hybrid Power RFID Sensor Tags

=== Project Approach ===
==== Original WISP performance ====
[[File:WISPDV.png]]

* The WISP 4.1 DL communication and error rates as a function of RF attenuation and calculate distance.

==== Block Diagram ====
* Origianl WISP
[[File:Original.png]]

The original WISP design block diagram with no battery.

* Proposed Design
[[File:New.png]]

The above is our proposed design with Battery Management Unit (BMU). The external battery would be automatically charged and discharged under different distance between the RFID reader and the WISP corresponding to the output voltage from the power harvester.

==== Battery Test ====

Simulate charging and discharging conditions using power supply based on the actual tag operation.

Charging condition

[[File:1Bat3.png]]

Discharging condition

[[File:1Bat4.png]]

==== Hardware Design Approach ====
As the WISP works under ultralow current (250uA), thus there will be a great possibility that the added Battery Management Unit (BMU) would absorb most of the current and kill the rest of the system normal operation. After struggling different designs by our own, the EnerChip CC series with integrated power management finally become a sophisticated power solution as the heart of our ultimate design.

Here we provide two different ultimate designs block diagrams:

* Design 1

[[File:2Hard13.png]]

The EnerChip CC CBC 3105 with external battery or supercapacitor, a voltage detector, a traslator and a voltage regulator.

Note: By varying the R2 resistor to 360kohms when the R1 is 200kohms in order to lower the threshold voltage to 2.15V.

* Design 2

[[File:2Hard18.png]]

The EnerChip CC CBC 3105 with an external battery or supercapacitor, a voltage doubler, an analog switch, two voltage detectors and translators, and a voltage regulator.

Note: The BMU can automatically switch between three stages: when the voltage is between 2V and 2.5V, use the voltage doubler to boost up the incoming harvested voltage and turn off the additional 1V voltage detector; when the voltage is above 2.5V, turn off the voltage doubler and the 1V additional voltage detector; when it goes below 2V, turn on the 1V additional voltage detector.

This design tends to consume less power than the first design after the theoretical analysis and calculations.

==== Testing Scenario ====

Our testing environment consists of an RFID reader and a sensor tag which is the WISP. We hold the tag and see whether if could be identified. The RFID reader sends a query to the tag and the tag returns an answer generally containing identifying information through Radio transmissions. The RFID reader sends the identifying information to our host computer, where it can be incorporated into a database to track objects and guide the activities of man and machines or revealed in human-readable form.

[[File:RFIDoverview.JPG]]

=== Technical Merits ===
* Longer communication distance
* Better power utilization
* Good life time
* Functionalities fully remained
* Low cost
* Ultra-small size

=== Results and Outcomes ===

[[File:1Bat5.png]]

Charging curves for 6mAh NiMH batteries

[[File:1Bat9.png]]

Charging curves for 0.1F electric double layer capacitors

[[File:1Bat7.png]]

Discharging curves for 6mAh NiMH batteries

[[File:1Bat11.png]]

Discharging curves for 0.1F electric double layer capacitors

The supercapacitor tends to have better performance to NiMH with shorter charging time, less constraints on the charging/discharging voltage and lifespan.

[[File:R.JPG]]

Tag performance comparisons

=== Future Works ===
* Increase the tag charging distance and communication distance
* Increment the standby time at brownout situation
* Decrease the time of charging
* Lower the power consumption
* Minimize the size

== Team ==
=== Group members ===
* Mr Yuchen Dong
* Mr Han Xue

=== Supervisors ===
* Dr Said Al-Sarawi
* Dr Damith Ranasinghe

=== Resources ===
* WISP 4.1 DL
* RFID Reader, Antenna
* Host Computer
* USB Key Debugger
* IAR Embedded Workbench

=== References ===
* [1] Intel Research Seattle, “WISP Wiki,” [Online] https://wisp.wikispaces.com (Accessed: 2 October 2014).
* [2] A. P. Sample et al., “Design of an RFID-Based Battery-Free Programmable Sensing Platform,” IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 57, no. 11, pp. 2608 2615, Nov. 2008.
* [3] Quick Introduction to RFID[Online], Available: http://www.polygait.calpoly.edu/tutorial.htm

Projects:2014S1-35 Human Activity Recognition to Support Independent Living

2014-10-25T10:42:35Z

A1635365: /* Future Works */

This project aims to build a Hybrid Power RFID sensor tag which could renovate the way of tag-to-reader communications based on the Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform (WISP) 4.1 DL version developed by Intel Research Seattle.

== Project information ==
The holistic goal of the Human Activity Recognition to Support Independent Living project is to determine if the use of privacy preserving radio-frequency identification technology and wireless sensor technology to detect patient activities can form the basis for a technological solution to support independent living, specifically, build a Hybrid Power RFID sensor tag which could renovate the way of tag-to-reader communications based on the Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform (WISP) 4.1 DL version.

A WISP is generally a sensing and computing device that is powered and read by a standard off-the-shelf RFID reader [1].

Currently, there are three common approaches to provide power and tag-to-reader communications. The first one is the passive sensor tag, it receives all its operating power from an RFID reader. It is battery-free but with short wireless communication distance and the requirement of proximity to RFID reader is high [2]. The second one is the semi-passive sensor tag, it uses batteries to run the chip’s circuitry, but communicates by drawing power from the reader. The last one is the active sensor tag, it provides long wireless communication distance but in the expense of high cost and low lifetime since it requires one-time batteries to power for the tag and radio.

=== Project Aims ===
An enhanced version of the sensor tag is proposed.

The individual aim of this project is to formulate, design and build a Battery Management Unit (BMU) capable of charging/discharging under different circumstances and increase the communication distance of the tag. The BMU shall be smart to decide when to use the battery to power the WISP and be charged by the UHF reader.

It is supposed to combine all the advantages from the current three types of sensor tags and achieve better overall performance with low power consumption. Longer communication distance and better life time shall be realized.

=== Outline of proposed work ===
* Battery Test
* Building Hybrid Power RFID Sensor Tags

=== Project Approach ===
==== Original WISP performance ====
[[File:WISPDV.png]]

* The WISP 4.1 DL communication and error rates as a function of RF attenuation and calculate distance.

==== Block Diagram ====
* Origianl WISP
[[File:Original.png]]

The original WISP design block diagram with no battery.

* Proposed Design
[[File:New.png]]

The above is our proposed design with Battery Management Unit (BMU). The external battery would be automatically charged and discharged under different distance between the RFID reader and the WISP corresponding to the output voltage from the power harvester.

==== Battery Test ====

Simulate charging and discharging conditions using power supply based on the actual tag operation.

Charging condition

[[File:1Bat3.png]]

Discharging condition

[[File:1Bat4.png]]

==== Tag Design Approach ====
As the WISP works under ultralow current (250uA), thus there will be a great possibility that the added Battery Management Unit (BMU) would absorb most of the current and kill the rest of the system normal operation. After struggling different designs by our own, the EnerChip CC series with integrated power management finally become a sophisticated power solution as the heart of our ultimate design.

Here we provide two different ultimate designs block diagrams:

* Design 1

[[File:2Hard13.png]]

The EnerChip CC CBC 3105 with external battery or supercapacitor, a voltage detector, a traslator and a voltage regulator.

Note: By varying the R2 resistor to 360kohms when the R1 is 200kohms in order to lower the threshold voltage to 2.15V.

* Design 2

[[File:2Hard18.png]]

The EnerChip CC CBC 3105 with an external battery or supercapacitor, a voltage doubler, an analog switch, two voltage detectors and translators, and a voltage regulator.

Note: The BMU can automatically switch between three stages: when the voltage is between 2V and 2.5V, use the voltage doubler to boost up the incoming harvested voltage and turn off the additional 1V voltage detector; when the voltage is above 2.5V, turn off the voltage doubler and the 1V additional voltage detector; when it goes below 2V, turn on the 1V additional voltage detector.

This design tends to consume less power than the first design after the theoretical analysis and calculations.

==== Testing Scenario ====

Our testing environment consists of an RFID reader and a sensor tag which is the WISP. We hold the tag and see whether if could be identified. The RFID reader sends a query to the tag and the tag returns an answer generally containing identifying information through Radio transmissions. The RFID reader sends the identifying information to our host computer, where it can be incorporated into a database to track objects and guide the activities of man and machines or revealed in human-readable form.

[[File:RFIDoverview.JPG]]

=== Technical Merits ===
* Longer communication distance
* Better power utilization
* Good life time
* Functionalities fully remained
* Low cost
* Ultra-small size

=== Results and Outcomes ===

[[File:1Bat5.png]]

Charging curves for 6mAh NiMH batteries

[[File:1Bat9.png]]

Charging curves for 0.1F electric double layer capacitors

[[File:1Bat7.png]]

Discharging curves for 6mAh NiMH batteries

[[File:1Bat11.png]]

Discharging curves for 0.1F electric double layer capacitors

The supercapacitor tends to have better performance to NiMH with shorter charging time, less constraints on the charging/discharging voltage and lifespan.

[[File:R.JPG]]

Tag performance comparisons

=== Future Works ===
* Increase the tag charging distance and communication distance
* Increment the standby time at brownout situation
* Decrease the time of charging
* Lower the power consumption
* Minimize the size

== Team ==
=== Group members ===
* Mr Yuchen Dong
* Mr Han Xue

=== Supervisors ===
* Dr Said Al-Sarawi
* Dr Damith Ranasinghe

=== Resources ===
* WISP 4.1 DL
* RFID Reader, Antenna
* Host Computer
* USB Key Debugger
* IAR Embedded Workbench

=== References ===
* [1] Intel Research Seattle, “WISP Wiki,” [Online] https://wisp.wikispaces.com (Accessed: 2 October 2014).
* [2] A. P. Sample et al., “Design of an RFID-Based Battery-Free Programmable Sensing Platform,” IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 57, no. 11, pp. 2608 2615, Nov. 2008.
* [3] Quick Introduction to RFID[Online], Available: http://www.polygait.calpoly.edu/tutorial.htm

Projects:2014S1-35 Human Activity Recognition to Support Independent Living

2014-10-25T10:42:22Z

A1635365: /* Results and Outcomes */

This project aims to build a Hybrid Power RFID sensor tag which could renovate the way of tag-to-reader communications based on the Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform (WISP) 4.1 DL version developed by Intel Research Seattle.

== Project information ==
The holistic goal of the Human Activity Recognition to Support Independent Living project is to determine if the use of privacy preserving radio-frequency identification technology and wireless sensor technology to detect patient activities can form the basis for a technological solution to support independent living, specifically, build a Hybrid Power RFID sensor tag which could renovate the way of tag-to-reader communications based on the Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform (WISP) 4.1 DL version.

A WISP is generally a sensing and computing device that is powered and read by a standard off-the-shelf RFID reader [1].

Currently, there are three common approaches to provide power and tag-to-reader communications. The first one is the passive sensor tag, it receives all its operating power from an RFID reader. It is battery-free but with short wireless communication distance and the requirement of proximity to RFID reader is high [2]. The second one is the semi-passive sensor tag, it uses batteries to run the chip’s circuitry, but communicates by drawing power from the reader. The last one is the active sensor tag, it provides long wireless communication distance but in the expense of high cost and low lifetime since it requires one-time batteries to power for the tag and radio.

=== Project Aims ===
An enhanced version of the sensor tag is proposed.

The individual aim of this project is to formulate, design and build a Battery Management Unit (BMU) capable of charging/discharging under different circumstances and increase the communication distance of the tag. The BMU shall be smart to decide when to use the battery to power the WISP and be charged by the UHF reader.

It is supposed to combine all the advantages from the current three types of sensor tags and achieve better overall performance with low power consumption. Longer communication distance and better life time shall be realized.

=== Outline of proposed work ===
* Battery Test
* Building Hybrid Power RFID Sensor Tags

=== Project Approach ===
==== Original WISP performance ====
[[File:WISPDV.png]]

* The WISP 4.1 DL communication and error rates as a function of RF attenuation and calculate distance.

==== Block Diagram ====
* Origianl WISP
[[File:Original.png]]

The original WISP design block diagram with no battery.

* Proposed Design
[[File:New.png]]

The above is our proposed design with Battery Management Unit (BMU). The external battery would be automatically charged and discharged under different distance between the RFID reader and the WISP corresponding to the output voltage from the power harvester.

==== Battery Test ====

Simulate charging and discharging conditions using power supply based on the actual tag operation.

Charging condition

[[File:1Bat3.png]]

Discharging condition

[[File:1Bat4.png]]

==== Tag Design Approach ====
As the WISP works under ultralow current (250uA), thus there will be a great possibility that the added Battery Management Unit (BMU) would absorb most of the current and kill the rest of the system normal operation. After struggling different designs by our own, the EnerChip CC series with integrated power management finally become a sophisticated power solution as the heart of our ultimate design.

Here we provide two different ultimate designs block diagrams:

* Design 1

[[File:2Hard13.png]]

The EnerChip CC CBC 3105 with external battery or supercapacitor, a voltage detector, a traslator and a voltage regulator.

Note: By varying the R2 resistor to 360kohms when the R1 is 200kohms in order to lower the threshold voltage to 2.15V.

* Design 2

[[File:2Hard18.png]]

The EnerChip CC CBC 3105 with an external battery or supercapacitor, a voltage doubler, an analog switch, two voltage detectors and translators, and a voltage regulator.

Note: The BMU can automatically switch between three stages: when the voltage is between 2V and 2.5V, use the voltage doubler to boost up the incoming harvested voltage and turn off the additional 1V voltage detector; when the voltage is above 2.5V, turn off the voltage doubler and the 1V additional voltage detector; when it goes below 2V, turn on the 1V additional voltage detector.

This design tends to consume less power than the first design after the theoretical analysis and calculations.

==== Testing Scenario ====

Our testing environment consists of an RFID reader and a sensor tag which is the WISP. We hold the tag and see whether if could be identified. The RFID reader sends a query to the tag and the tag returns an answer generally containing identifying information through Radio transmissions. The RFID reader sends the identifying information to our host computer, where it can be incorporated into a database to track objects and guide the activities of man and machines or revealed in human-readable form.

[[File:RFIDoverview.JPG]]

=== Technical Merits ===
* Longer communication distance
* Better power utilization
* Good life time
* Functionalities fully remained
* Low cost
* Ultra-small size

=== Results and Outcomes ===

[[File:1Bat5.png]]

Charging curves for 6mAh NiMH batteries

[[File:1Bat9.png]]

Charging curves for 0.1F electric double layer capacitors

[[File:1Bat7.png]]

Discharging curves for 6mAh NiMH batteries

[[File:1Bat11.png]]

Discharging curves for 0.1F electric double layer capacitors

The supercapacitor tends to have better performance to NiMH with shorter charging time, less constraints on the charging/discharging voltage and lifespan.

[[File:R.JPG]]

Tag performance comparisons

== Future Works ==
* Increase the tag charging distance and communication distance
* Increment the standby time at brownout situation
* Decrease the time of charging
* Lower the power consumption
* Minimize the size

== Team ==
=== Group members ===
* Mr Yuchen Dong
* Mr Han Xue

=== Supervisors ===
* Dr Said Al-Sarawi
* Dr Damith Ranasinghe

=== Resources ===
* WISP 4.1 DL
* RFID Reader, Antenna
* Host Computer
* USB Key Debugger
* IAR Embedded Workbench

=== References ===
* [1] Intel Research Seattle, “WISP Wiki,” [Online] https://wisp.wikispaces.com (Accessed: 2 October 2014).
* [2] A. P. Sample et al., “Design of an RFID-Based Battery-Free Programmable Sensing Platform,” IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 57, no. 11, pp. 2608 2615, Nov. 2008.
* [3] Quick Introduction to RFID[Online], Available: http://www.polygait.calpoly.edu/tutorial.htm

Projects:2014S1-35 Human Activity Recognition to Support Independent Living

2014-10-25T10:41:26Z

A1635365: /* Battery Test */

This project aims to build a Hybrid Power RFID sensor tag which could renovate the way of tag-to-reader communications based on the Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform (WISP) 4.1 DL version developed by Intel Research Seattle.

== Project information ==
The holistic goal of the Human Activity Recognition to Support Independent Living project is to determine if the use of privacy preserving radio-frequency identification technology and wireless sensor technology to detect patient activities can form the basis for a technological solution to support independent living, specifically, build a Hybrid Power RFID sensor tag which could renovate the way of tag-to-reader communications based on the Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform (WISP) 4.1 DL version.

A WISP is generally a sensing and computing device that is powered and read by a standard off-the-shelf RFID reader [1].

Currently, there are three common approaches to provide power and tag-to-reader communications. The first one is the passive sensor tag, it receives all its operating power from an RFID reader. It is battery-free but with short wireless communication distance and the requirement of proximity to RFID reader is high [2]. The second one is the semi-passive sensor tag, it uses batteries to run the chip’s circuitry, but communicates by drawing power from the reader. The last one is the active sensor tag, it provides long wireless communication distance but in the expense of high cost and low lifetime since it requires one-time batteries to power for the tag and radio.

=== Project Aims ===
An enhanced version of the sensor tag is proposed.

The individual aim of this project is to formulate, design and build a Battery Management Unit (BMU) capable of charging/discharging under different circumstances and increase the communication distance of the tag. The BMU shall be smart to decide when to use the battery to power the WISP and be charged by the UHF reader.

It is supposed to combine all the advantages from the current three types of sensor tags and achieve better overall performance with low power consumption. Longer communication distance and better life time shall be realized.

=== Outline of proposed work ===
* Battery Test
* Building Hybrid Power RFID Sensor Tags

=== Project Approach ===
==== Original WISP performance ====
[[File:WISPDV.png]]

* The WISP 4.1 DL communication and error rates as a function of RF attenuation and calculate distance.

==== Block Diagram ====
* Origianl WISP
[[File:Original.png]]

The original WISP design block diagram with no battery.

* Proposed Design
[[File:New.png]]

The above is our proposed design with Battery Management Unit (BMU). The external battery would be automatically charged and discharged under different distance between the RFID reader and the WISP corresponding to the output voltage from the power harvester.

==== Battery Test ====

Simulate charging and discharging conditions using power supply based on the actual tag operation.

Charging condition

[[File:1Bat3.png]]

Discharging condition

[[File:1Bat4.png]]

==== Tag Design Approach ====
As the WISP works under ultralow current (250uA), thus there will be a great possibility that the added Battery Management Unit (BMU) would absorb most of the current and kill the rest of the system normal operation. After struggling different designs by our own, the EnerChip CC series with integrated power management finally become a sophisticated power solution as the heart of our ultimate design.

Here we provide two different ultimate designs block diagrams:

* Design 1

[[File:2Hard13.png]]

The EnerChip CC CBC 3105 with external battery or supercapacitor, a voltage detector, a traslator and a voltage regulator.

Note: By varying the R2 resistor to 360kohms when the R1 is 200kohms in order to lower the threshold voltage to 2.15V.

* Design 2

[[File:2Hard18.png]]

The EnerChip CC CBC 3105 with an external battery or supercapacitor, a voltage doubler, an analog switch, two voltage detectors and translators, and a voltage regulator.

Note: The BMU can automatically switch between three stages: when the voltage is between 2V and 2.5V, use the voltage doubler to boost up the incoming harvested voltage and turn off the additional 1V voltage detector; when the voltage is above 2.5V, turn off the voltage doubler and the 1V additional voltage detector; when it goes below 2V, turn on the 1V additional voltage detector.

This design tends to consume less power than the first design after the theoretical analysis and calculations.

==== Testing Scenario ====

Our testing environment consists of an RFID reader and a sensor tag which is the WISP. We hold the tag and see whether if could be identified. The RFID reader sends a query to the tag and the tag returns an answer generally containing identifying information through Radio transmissions. The RFID reader sends the identifying information to our host computer, where it can be incorporated into a database to track objects and guide the activities of man and machines or revealed in human-readable form.

[[File:RFIDoverview.JPG]]

=== Technical Merits ===
* Longer communication distance
* Better power utilization
* Good life time
* Functionalities fully remained
* Low cost
* Ultra-small size

== Results and Outcomes ==

[[File:1Bat5.png]]

Charging curves for 6mAh NiMH batteries

[[File:1Bat9.png]]

Charging curves for 0.1F electric double layer capacitors

[[File:1Bat7.png]]

Discharging curves for 6mAh NiMH batteries

[[File:1Bat11.png]]

Discharging curves for 0.1F electric double layer capacitors

The supercapacitor tends to have better performance to NiMH with shorter charging time, less constraints on the charging/discharging voltage and lifespan.

[[File:R.JPG]]

Tag performance comparisons

== Future Works ==
* Increase the tag charging distance and communication distance
* Increment the standby time at brownout situation
* Decrease the time of charging
* Lower the power consumption
* Minimize the size

== Team ==
=== Group members ===
* Mr Yuchen Dong
* Mr Han Xue

=== Supervisors ===
* Dr Said Al-Sarawi
* Dr Damith Ranasinghe

=== Resources ===
* WISP 4.1 DL
* RFID Reader, Antenna
* Host Computer
* USB Key Debugger
* IAR Embedded Workbench

=== References ===
* [1] Intel Research Seattle, “WISP Wiki,” [Online] https://wisp.wikispaces.com (Accessed: 2 October 2014).
* [2] A. P. Sample et al., “Design of an RFID-Based Battery-Free Programmable Sensing Platform,” IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 57, no. 11, pp. 2608 2615, Nov. 2008.
* [3] Quick Introduction to RFID[Online], Available: http://www.polygait.calpoly.edu/tutorial.htm

Projects:2014S1-35 Human Activity Recognition to Support Independent Living

2014-10-25T10:40:02Z

A1635365: /* Results and Outcomes */

This project aims to build a Hybrid Power RFID sensor tag which could renovate the way of tag-to-reader communications based on the Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform (WISP) 4.1 DL version developed by Intel Research Seattle.

== Project information ==
The holistic goal of the Human Activity Recognition to Support Independent Living project is to determine if the use of privacy preserving radio-frequency identification technology and wireless sensor technology to detect patient activities can form the basis for a technological solution to support independent living, specifically, build a Hybrid Power RFID sensor tag which could renovate the way of tag-to-reader communications based on the Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform (WISP) 4.1 DL version.

A WISP is generally a sensing and computing device that is powered and read by a standard off-the-shelf RFID reader [1].

Currently, there are three common approaches to provide power and tag-to-reader communications. The first one is the passive sensor tag, it receives all its operating power from an RFID reader. It is battery-free but with short wireless communication distance and the requirement of proximity to RFID reader is high [2]. The second one is the semi-passive sensor tag, it uses batteries to run the chip’s circuitry, but communicates by drawing power from the reader. The last one is the active sensor tag, it provides long wireless communication distance but in the expense of high cost and low lifetime since it requires one-time batteries to power for the tag and radio.

=== Project Aims ===
An enhanced version of the sensor tag is proposed.

The individual aim of this project is to formulate, design and build a Battery Management Unit (BMU) capable of charging/discharging under different circumstances and increase the communication distance of the tag. The BMU shall be smart to decide when to use the battery to power the WISP and be charged by the UHF reader.

It is supposed to combine all the advantages from the current three types of sensor tags and achieve better overall performance with low power consumption. Longer communication distance and better life time shall be realized.

=== Outline of proposed work ===
* Battery Test
* Building Hybrid Power RFID Sensor Tags

=== Project Approach ===
==== Original WISP performance ====
[[File:WISPDV.png]]

* The WISP 4.1 DL communication and error rates as a function of RF attenuation and calculate distance.

==== Block Diagram ====
* Origianl WISP
[[File:Original.png]]

The original WISP design block diagram with no battery.

* Proposed Design
[[File:New.png]]

The above is our proposed design with Battery Management Unit (BMU). The external battery would be automatically charged and discharged under different distance between the RFID reader and the WISP corresponding to the output voltage from the power harvester.

==== Battery Test ====

Simulate charging and discharging conditions during the tag operation.

Charging condition

[[File:1Bat3.png]]

Discharging condition

[[File:1Bat4.png]]

==== Tag Design Approach ====
As the WISP works under ultralow current (250uA), thus there will be a great possibility that the added Battery Management Unit (BMU) would absorb most of the current and kill the rest of the system normal operation. After struggling different designs by our own, the EnerChip CC series with integrated power management finally become a sophisticated power solution as the heart of our ultimate design.

Here we provide two different ultimate designs block diagrams:

* Design 1

[[File:2Hard13.png]]

The EnerChip CC CBC 3105 with external battery or supercapacitor, a voltage detector, a traslator and a voltage regulator.

Note: By varying the R2 resistor to 360kohms when the R1 is 200kohms in order to lower the threshold voltage to 2.15V.

* Design 2

[[File:2Hard18.png]]

The EnerChip CC CBC 3105 with an external battery or supercapacitor, a voltage doubler, an analog switch, two voltage detectors and translators, and a voltage regulator.

Note: The BMU can automatically switch between three stages: when the voltage is between 2V and 2.5V, use the voltage doubler to boost up the incoming harvested voltage and turn off the additional 1V voltage detector; when the voltage is above 2.5V, turn off the voltage doubler and the 1V additional voltage detector; when it goes below 2V, turn on the 1V additional voltage detector.

This design tends to consume less power than the first design after the theoretical analysis and calculations.

==== Testing Scenario ====

Our testing environment consists of an RFID reader and a sensor tag which is the WISP. We hold the tag and see whether if could be identified. The RFID reader sends a query to the tag and the tag returns an answer generally containing identifying information through Radio transmissions. The RFID reader sends the identifying information to our host computer, where it can be incorporated into a database to track objects and guide the activities of man and machines or revealed in human-readable form.

[[File:RFIDoverview.JPG]]

=== Technical Merits ===
* Longer communication distance
* Better power utilization
* Good life time
* Functionalities fully remained
* Low cost
* Ultra-small size

== Results and Outcomes ==

[[File:1Bat5.png]]

Charging curves for 6mAh NiMH batteries

[[File:1Bat9.png]]

Charging curves for 0.1F electric double layer capacitors

[[File:1Bat7.png]]

Discharging curves for 6mAh NiMH batteries

[[File:1Bat11.png]]

Discharging curves for 0.1F electric double layer capacitors

The supercapacitor tends to have better performance to NiMH with shorter charging time, less constraints on the charging/discharging voltage and lifespan.

[[File:R.JPG]]

Tag performance comparisons

== Future Works ==
* Increase the tag charging distance and communication distance
* Increment the standby time at brownout situation
* Decrease the time of charging
* Lower the power consumption
* Minimize the size

== Team ==
=== Group members ===
* Mr Yuchen Dong
* Mr Han Xue

=== Supervisors ===
* Dr Said Al-Sarawi
* Dr Damith Ranasinghe

=== Resources ===
* WISP 4.1 DL
* RFID Reader, Antenna
* Host Computer
* USB Key Debugger
* IAR Embedded Workbench

=== References ===
* [1] Intel Research Seattle, “WISP Wiki,” [Online] https://wisp.wikispaces.com (Accessed: 2 October 2014).
* [2] A. P. Sample et al., “Design of an RFID-Based Battery-Free Programmable Sensing Platform,” IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 57, no. 11, pp. 2608 2615, Nov. 2008.
* [3] Quick Introduction to RFID[Online], Available: http://www.polygait.calpoly.edu/tutorial.htm

Projects:2014S1-35 Human Activity Recognition to Support Independent Living

2014-10-25T10:38:47Z

A1635365: /* Results and Outcomes */

This project aims to build a Hybrid Power RFID sensor tag which could renovate the way of tag-to-reader communications based on the Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform (WISP) 4.1 DL version developed by Intel Research Seattle.

== Project information ==
The holistic goal of the Human Activity Recognition to Support Independent Living project is to determine if the use of privacy preserving radio-frequency identification technology and wireless sensor technology to detect patient activities can form the basis for a technological solution to support independent living, specifically, build a Hybrid Power RFID sensor tag which could renovate the way of tag-to-reader communications based on the Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform (WISP) 4.1 DL version.

A WISP is generally a sensing and computing device that is powered and read by a standard off-the-shelf RFID reader [1].

Currently, there are three common approaches to provide power and tag-to-reader communications. The first one is the passive sensor tag, it receives all its operating power from an RFID reader. It is battery-free but with short wireless communication distance and the requirement of proximity to RFID reader is high [2]. The second one is the semi-passive sensor tag, it uses batteries to run the chip’s circuitry, but communicates by drawing power from the reader. The last one is the active sensor tag, it provides long wireless communication distance but in the expense of high cost and low lifetime since it requires one-time batteries to power for the tag and radio.

=== Project Aims ===
An enhanced version of the sensor tag is proposed.

The individual aim of this project is to formulate, design and build a Battery Management Unit (BMU) capable of charging/discharging under different circumstances and increase the communication distance of the tag. The BMU shall be smart to decide when to use the battery to power the WISP and be charged by the UHF reader.

It is supposed to combine all the advantages from the current three types of sensor tags and achieve better overall performance with low power consumption. Longer communication distance and better life time shall be realized.

=== Outline of proposed work ===
* Battery Test
* Building Hybrid Power RFID Sensor Tags

=== Project Approach ===
==== Original WISP performance ====
[[File:WISPDV.png]]

* The WISP 4.1 DL communication and error rates as a function of RF attenuation and calculate distance.

==== Block Diagram ====
* Origianl WISP
[[File:Original.png]]

The original WISP design block diagram with no battery.

* Proposed Design
[[File:New.png]]

The above is our proposed design with Battery Management Unit (BMU). The external battery would be automatically charged and discharged under different distance between the RFID reader and the WISP corresponding to the output voltage from the power harvester.

==== Battery Test ====

Simulate charging and discharging conditions during the tag operation.

Charging condition

[[File:1Bat3.png]]

Discharging condition

[[File:1Bat4.png]]

==== Tag Design Approach ====
As the WISP works under ultralow current (250uA), thus there will be a great possibility that the added Battery Management Unit (BMU) would absorb most of the current and kill the rest of the system normal operation. After struggling different designs by our own, the EnerChip CC series with integrated power management finally become a sophisticated power solution as the heart of our ultimate design.

Here we provide two different ultimate designs block diagrams:

* Design 1

[[File:2Hard13.png]]

The EnerChip CC CBC 3105 with external battery or supercapacitor, a voltage detector, a traslator and a voltage regulator.

Note: By varying the R2 resistor to 360kohms when the R1 is 200kohms in order to lower the threshold voltage to 2.15V.

* Design 2

[[File:2Hard18.png]]

The EnerChip CC CBC 3105 with an external battery or supercapacitor, a voltage doubler, an analog switch, two voltage detectors and translators, and a voltage regulator.

Note: The BMU can automatically switch between three stages: when the voltage is between 2V and 2.5V, use the voltage doubler to boost up the incoming harvested voltage and turn off the additional 1V voltage detector; when the voltage is above 2.5V, turn off the voltage doubler and the 1V additional voltage detector; when it goes below 2V, turn on the 1V additional voltage detector.

This design tends to consume less power than the first design after the theoretical analysis and calculations.

==== Testing Scenario ====

Our testing environment consists of an RFID reader and a sensor tag which is the WISP. We hold the tag and see whether if could be identified. The RFID reader sends a query to the tag and the tag returns an answer generally containing identifying information through Radio transmissions. The RFID reader sends the identifying information to our host computer, where it can be incorporated into a database to track objects and guide the activities of man and machines or revealed in human-readable form.

[[File:RFIDoverview.JPG]]

=== Technical Merits ===
* Longer communication distance
* Better power utilization
* Good life time
* Functionalities fully remained
* Low cost
* Ultra-small size

== Results and Outcomes ==

[[File:1Bat5.png]]

Charging curves for 6mAh NiMH batteries

[[File:1Bat9.png]]

Charging curves for 0.1F electric double layer capacitors

[[File:1Bat7.png]]

Discharging curves for 6mAh NiMH batteries

[[File:1Bat11.png]]

Discharging curves for 0.1F electric double layer capacitors

The supercapacitor tends to have better performance to NiMH with shorter charging time, less constraints on the charging/discharging voltage and lifespan.

[[File:R.JPG]]

Tag performance comparisons

== Team ==
=== Group members ===
* Mr Yuchen Dong
* Mr Han Xue

=== Supervisors ===
* Dr Said Al-Sarawi
* Dr Damith Ranasinghe

=== Resources ===
* WISP 4.1 DL
* RFID Reader, Antenna
* Host Computer
* USB Key Debugger
* IAR Embedded Workbench

=== References ===
* [1] Intel Research Seattle, “WISP Wiki,” [Online] https://wisp.wikispaces.com (Accessed: 2 October 2014).
* [2] A. P. Sample et al., “Design of an RFID-Based Battery-Free Programmable Sensing Platform,” IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 57, no. 11, pp. 2608 2615, Nov. 2008.
* [3] Quick Introduction to RFID[Online], Available: http://www.polygait.calpoly.edu/tutorial.htm

Projects:2014S1-35 Human Activity Recognition to Support Independent Living

2014-10-25T10:38:18Z

A1635365: /* Tag Design Approach */

This project aims to build a Hybrid Power RFID sensor tag which could renovate the way of tag-to-reader communications based on the Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform (WISP) 4.1 DL version developed by Intel Research Seattle.

== Project information ==
The holistic goal of the Human Activity Recognition to Support Independent Living project is to determine if the use of privacy preserving radio-frequency identification technology and wireless sensor technology to detect patient activities can form the basis for a technological solution to support independent living, specifically, build a Hybrid Power RFID sensor tag which could renovate the way of tag-to-reader communications based on the Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform (WISP) 4.1 DL version.

A WISP is generally a sensing and computing device that is powered and read by a standard off-the-shelf RFID reader [1].

Currently, there are three common approaches to provide power and tag-to-reader communications. The first one is the passive sensor tag, it receives all its operating power from an RFID reader. It is battery-free but with short wireless communication distance and the requirement of proximity to RFID reader is high [2]. The second one is the semi-passive sensor tag, it uses batteries to run the chip’s circuitry, but communicates by drawing power from the reader. The last one is the active sensor tag, it provides long wireless communication distance but in the expense of high cost and low lifetime since it requires one-time batteries to power for the tag and radio.

=== Project Aims ===
An enhanced version of the sensor tag is proposed.

The individual aim of this project is to formulate, design and build a Battery Management Unit (BMU) capable of charging/discharging under different circumstances and increase the communication distance of the tag. The BMU shall be smart to decide when to use the battery to power the WISP and be charged by the UHF reader.

It is supposed to combine all the advantages from the current three types of sensor tags and achieve better overall performance with low power consumption. Longer communication distance and better life time shall be realized.

=== Outline of proposed work ===
* Battery Test
* Building Hybrid Power RFID Sensor Tags

=== Project Approach ===
==== Original WISP performance ====
[[File:WISPDV.png]]

* The WISP 4.1 DL communication and error rates as a function of RF attenuation and calculate distance.

==== Block Diagram ====
* Origianl WISP
[[File:Original.png]]

The original WISP design block diagram with no battery.

* Proposed Design
[[File:New.png]]

The above is our proposed design with Battery Management Unit (BMU). The external battery would be automatically charged and discharged under different distance between the RFID reader and the WISP corresponding to the output voltage from the power harvester.

==== Battery Test ====

Simulate charging and discharging conditions during the tag operation.

Charging condition

[[File:1Bat3.png]]

Discharging condition

[[File:1Bat4.png]]

==== Tag Design Approach ====
As the WISP works under ultralow current (250uA), thus there will be a great possibility that the added Battery Management Unit (BMU) would absorb most of the current and kill the rest of the system normal operation. After struggling different designs by our own, the EnerChip CC series with integrated power management finally become a sophisticated power solution as the heart of our ultimate design.

Here we provide two different ultimate designs block diagrams:

* Design 1

[[File:2Hard13.png]]

The EnerChip CC CBC 3105 with external battery or supercapacitor, a voltage detector, a traslator and a voltage regulator.

Note: By varying the R2 resistor to 360kohms when the R1 is 200kohms in order to lower the threshold voltage to 2.15V.

* Design 2

[[File:2Hard18.png]]

The EnerChip CC CBC 3105 with an external battery or supercapacitor, a voltage doubler, an analog switch, two voltage detectors and translators, and a voltage regulator.

Note: The BMU can automatically switch between three stages: when the voltage is between 2V and 2.5V, use the voltage doubler to boost up the incoming harvested voltage and turn off the additional 1V voltage detector; when the voltage is above 2.5V, turn off the voltage doubler and the 1V additional voltage detector; when it goes below 2V, turn on the 1V additional voltage detector.

This design tends to consume less power than the first design after the theoretical analysis and calculations.

==== Testing Scenario ====

Our testing environment consists of an RFID reader and a sensor tag which is the WISP. We hold the tag and see whether if could be identified. The RFID reader sends a query to the tag and the tag returns an answer generally containing identifying information through Radio transmissions. The RFID reader sends the identifying information to our host computer, where it can be incorporated into a database to track objects and guide the activities of man and machines or revealed in human-readable form.

[[File:RFIDoverview.JPG]]

=== Technical Merits ===
* Longer communication distance
* Better power utilization
* Good life time
* Functionalities fully remained
* Low cost
* Ultra-small size

== Results and Outcomes ==

[[File:1Bat5.png]]

Charging curves for 6mAh NiMH batteries

[[File:1Bat9.png]]

Charging curves for 0.1F electric double layer capacitors

[[File:1Bat7.png]]

Discharging curves for 6mAh NiMH batteries

[[File:1Bat11.png]]

Discharging curves for 0.1F electric double layer capacitors

The supercapacitor tends to have better performance to NiMH with shorter charging time, less constraints on the charging/discharging voltage and lifespan.

[[File:R.JPG]]

Tag performance comparisons

== Team ==
=== Group members ===
* Mr Yuchen Dong
* Mr Han Xue

=== Supervisors ===
* Dr Said Al-Sarawi
* Dr Damith Ranasinghe

=== Resources ===
* WISP 4.1 DL
* RFID Reader, Antenna
* Host Computer
* USB Key Debugger
* IAR Embedded Workbench

=== References ===
* [1] Intel Research Seattle, “WISP Wiki,” [Online] https://wisp.wikispaces.com (Accessed: 2 October 2014).
* [2] A. P. Sample et al., “Design of an RFID-Based Battery-Free Programmable Sensing Platform,” IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 57, no. 11, pp. 2608 2615, Nov. 2008.
* [3] Quick Introduction to RFID[Online], Available: http://www.polygait.calpoly.edu/tutorial.htm

Projects:2014S1-35 Human Activity Recognition to Support Independent Living

2014-10-25T10:36:48Z

A1635365: /* Approach Description */

This project aims to build a Hybrid Power RFID sensor tag which could renovate the way of tag-to-reader communications based on the Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform (WISP) 4.1 DL version developed by Intel Research Seattle.

== Project information ==
The holistic goal of the Human Activity Recognition to Support Independent Living project is to determine if the use of privacy preserving radio-frequency identification technology and wireless sensor technology to detect patient activities can form the basis for a technological solution to support independent living, specifically, build a Hybrid Power RFID sensor tag which could renovate the way of tag-to-reader communications based on the Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform (WISP) 4.1 DL version.

A WISP is generally a sensing and computing device that is powered and read by a standard off-the-shelf RFID reader [1].

Currently, there are three common approaches to provide power and tag-to-reader communications. The first one is the passive sensor tag, it receives all its operating power from an RFID reader. It is battery-free but with short wireless communication distance and the requirement of proximity to RFID reader is high [2]. The second one is the semi-passive sensor tag, it uses batteries to run the chip’s circuitry, but communicates by drawing power from the reader. The last one is the active sensor tag, it provides long wireless communication distance but in the expense of high cost and low lifetime since it requires one-time batteries to power for the tag and radio.

=== Project Aims ===
An enhanced version of the sensor tag is proposed.

The individual aim of this project is to formulate, design and build a Battery Management Unit (BMU) capable of charging/discharging under different circumstances and increase the communication distance of the tag. The BMU shall be smart to decide when to use the battery to power the WISP and be charged by the UHF reader.

It is supposed to combine all the advantages from the current three types of sensor tags and achieve better overall performance with low power consumption. Longer communication distance and better life time shall be realized.

=== Outline of proposed work ===
* Battery Test
* Building Hybrid Power RFID Sensor Tags

=== Project Approach ===
==== Original WISP performance ====
[[File:WISPDV.png]]

* The WISP 4.1 DL communication and error rates as a function of RF attenuation and calculate distance.

==== Block Diagram ====
* Origianl WISP
[[File:Original.png]]

The original WISP design block diagram with no battery.

* Proposed Design
[[File:New.png]]

The above is our proposed design with Battery Management Unit (BMU). The external battery would be automatically charged and discharged under different distance between the RFID reader and the WISP corresponding to the output voltage from the power harvester.

==== Battery Test ====

Simulate charging and discharging conditions during the tag operation.

Charging condition

[[File:1Bat3.png]]

Discharging condition

[[File:1Bat4.png]]

==== Tag Design Approach ====
As the WISP works under ultralow current (250uA), thus there will be a great possibility that the added Battery Management Unit (BMU) would absorb most of the current and kill the rest of the system normal operation. After struggling different design by our own, the EnerChip CC series with integrated power management finally become a sophisticated power solution as the heart of our design.

Here we provide two different ultimate designs block diagrams:

* Design 1

[[File:2Hard13.png]]

The EnerChip CC CBC 3105 with external battery or supercapacitor, a voltage detector, a traslator and a voltage regulator.

Note: By varying the R2 resistor to 360kohms when the R1 is 200kohms in order to lower the threshold voltage to 2.15V.

* Design 2

[[File:2Hard18.png]]

The EnerChip CC CBC 3105 with an external battery or supercapacitor, a voltage doubler, an analog switch, two voltage detectors and translators, and a voltage regulator.

Note: The BMU can automatically switch between three stages: when the voltage is between 2V and 2.5V, use the voltage doubler to boost up the incoming harvested voltage and turn off the additional 1V voltage detector; when the voltage is above 2.5V, turn off the voltage doubler and the 1V additional voltage detector; when it goes below 2V, turn on the 1V additional voltage detector.

This design tends to consume less power than the first design after the theoretical analysis and calculations.

==== Testing Scenario ====

Our testing environment consists of an RFID reader and a sensor tag which is the WISP. We hold the tag and see whether if could be identified. The RFID reader sends a query to the tag and the tag returns an answer generally containing identifying information through Radio transmissions. The RFID reader sends the identifying information to our host computer, where it can be incorporated into a database to track objects and guide the activities of man and machines or revealed in human-readable form.

[[File:RFIDoverview.JPG]]

=== Technical Merits ===
* Longer communication distance
* Better power utilization
* Good life time
* Functionalities fully remained
* Low cost
* Ultra-small size

== Results and Outcomes ==

[[File:1Bat5.png]]

Charging curves for 6mAh NiMH batteries

[[File:1Bat9.png]]

Charging curves for 0.1F electric double layer capacitors

[[File:1Bat7.png]]

Discharging curves for 6mAh NiMH batteries

[[File:1Bat11.png]]

Discharging curves for 0.1F electric double layer capacitors

The supercapacitor tends to have better performance to NiMH with shorter charging time, less constraints on the charging/discharging voltage and lifespan.

[[File:R.JPG]]

Tag performance comparisons

== Team ==
=== Group members ===
* Mr Yuchen Dong
* Mr Han Xue

=== Supervisors ===
* Dr Said Al-Sarawi
* Dr Damith Ranasinghe

=== Resources ===
* WISP 4.1 DL
* RFID Reader, Antenna
* Host Computer
* USB Key Debugger
* IAR Embedded Workbench

=== References ===
* [1] Intel Research Seattle, “WISP Wiki,” [Online] https://wisp.wikispaces.com (Accessed: 2 October 2014).
* [2] A. P. Sample et al., “Design of an RFID-Based Battery-Free Programmable Sensing Platform,” IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 57, no. 11, pp. 2608 2615, Nov. 2008.
* [3] Quick Introduction to RFID[Online], Available: http://www.polygait.calpoly.edu/tutorial.htm

Projects:2014S1-35 Human Activity Recognition to Support Independent Living

2014-10-25T10:36:23Z

A1635365: /* Battery Test */

This project aims to build a Hybrid Power RFID sensor tag which could renovate the way of tag-to-reader communications based on the Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform (WISP) 4.1 DL version developed by Intel Research Seattle.

== Project information ==
The holistic goal of the Human Activity Recognition to Support Independent Living project is to determine if the use of privacy preserving radio-frequency identification technology and wireless sensor technology to detect patient activities can form the basis for a technological solution to support independent living, specifically, build a Hybrid Power RFID sensor tag which could renovate the way of tag-to-reader communications based on the Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform (WISP) 4.1 DL version.

A WISP is generally a sensing and computing device that is powered and read by a standard off-the-shelf RFID reader [1].

Currently, there are three common approaches to provide power and tag-to-reader communications. The first one is the passive sensor tag, it receives all its operating power from an RFID reader. It is battery-free but with short wireless communication distance and the requirement of proximity to RFID reader is high [2]. The second one is the semi-passive sensor tag, it uses batteries to run the chip’s circuitry, but communicates by drawing power from the reader. The last one is the active sensor tag, it provides long wireless communication distance but in the expense of high cost and low lifetime since it requires one-time batteries to power for the tag and radio.

=== Project Aims ===
An enhanced version of the sensor tag is proposed.

The individual aim of this project is to formulate, design and build a Battery Management Unit (BMU) capable of charging/discharging under different circumstances and increase the communication distance of the tag. The BMU shall be smart to decide when to use the battery to power the WISP and be charged by the UHF reader.

It is supposed to combine all the advantages from the current three types of sensor tags and achieve better overall performance with low power consumption. Longer communication distance and better life time shall be realized.

=== Outline of proposed work ===
* Battery Test
* Building Hybrid Power RFID Sensor Tags

=== Project Approach ===
==== Original WISP performance ====
[[File:WISPDV.png]]

* The WISP 4.1 DL communication and error rates as a function of RF attenuation and calculate distance.

==== Block Diagram ====
* Origianl WISP
[[File:Original.png]]

The original WISP design block diagram with no battery.

* Proposed Design
[[File:New.png]]

The above is our proposed design with Battery Management Unit (BMU). The external battery would be automatically charged and discharged under different distance between the RFID reader and the WISP corresponding to the output voltage from the power harvester.

==== Battery Test ====

Simulate charging and discharging conditions during the tag operation.

Charging condition

[[File:1Bat3.png]]

Discharging condition

[[File:1Bat4.png]]

==== Approach Description ====
As the WISP works under ultralow current (250uA), thus there will be a great possibility that the added Battery Management Unit (BMU) would absorb most of the current and kill the rest of the system normal operation. After struggling different design by our own, the EnerChip CC series with integrated power management finally become a sophisticated power solution as the heart of our design.

Here we provide two different ultimate designs block diagrams:

* Design 1

[[File:2Hard13.png]]

The EnerChip CC CBC 3105 with external battery or supercapacitor, a voltage detector, a traslator and a voltage regulator.

Note: By varying the R2 resistor to 360kohms when the R1 is 200kohms in order to lower the threshold voltage to 2.15V.

* Design 2

[[File:2Hard18.png]]

The EnerChip CC CBC 3105 with an external battery or supercapacitor, a voltage doubler, an analog switch, two voltage detectors and translators, and a voltage regulator.

Note: The BMU can automatically switch between three stages: when the voltage is between 2V and 2.5V, use the voltage doubler to boost up the incoming harvested voltage and turn off the additional 1V voltage detector; when the voltage is above 2.5V, turn off the voltage doubler and the 1V additional voltage detector; when it goes below 2V, turn on the 1V additional voltage detector.

This design tends to consume less power than the first design after the theoretical analysis and calculations.

==== Testing Scenario ====

Our testing environment consists of an RFID reader and a sensor tag which is the WISP. We hold the tag and see whether if could be identified. The RFID reader sends a query to the tag and the tag returns an answer generally containing identifying information through Radio transmissions. The RFID reader sends the identifying information to our host computer, where it can be incorporated into a database to track objects and guide the activities of man and machines or revealed in human-readable form.

[[File:RFIDoverview.JPG]]

=== Technical Merits ===
* Longer communication distance
* Better power utilization
* Good life time
* Functionalities fully remained
* Low cost
* Ultra-small size

== Results and Outcomes ==

[[File:1Bat5.png]]

Charging curves for 6mAh NiMH batteries

[[File:1Bat9.png]]

Charging curves for 0.1F electric double layer capacitors

[[File:1Bat7.png]]

Discharging curves for 6mAh NiMH batteries

[[File:1Bat11.png]]

Discharging curves for 0.1F electric double layer capacitors

The supercapacitor tends to have better performance to NiMH with shorter charging time, less constraints on the charging/discharging voltage and lifespan.

[[File:R.JPG]]

Tag performance comparisons

== Team ==
=== Group members ===
* Mr Yuchen Dong
* Mr Han Xue

=== Supervisors ===
* Dr Said Al-Sarawi
* Dr Damith Ranasinghe

=== Resources ===
* WISP 4.1 DL
* RFID Reader, Antenna
* Host Computer
* USB Key Debugger
* IAR Embedded Workbench

=== References ===
* [1] Intel Research Seattle, “WISP Wiki,” [Online] https://wisp.wikispaces.com (Accessed: 2 October 2014).
* [2] A. P. Sample et al., “Design of an RFID-Based Battery-Free Programmable Sensing Platform,” IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 57, no. 11, pp. 2608 2615, Nov. 2008.
* [3] Quick Introduction to RFID[Online], Available: http://www.polygait.calpoly.edu/tutorial.htm

Projects:2014S1-35 Human Activity Recognition to Support Independent Living

2014-10-25T10:36:03Z

A1635365: /* Block Diagram */

This project aims to build a Hybrid Power RFID sensor tag which could renovate the way of tag-to-reader communications based on the Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform (WISP) 4.1 DL version developed by Intel Research Seattle.

== Project information ==
The holistic goal of the Human Activity Recognition to Support Independent Living project is to determine if the use of privacy preserving radio-frequency identification technology and wireless sensor technology to detect patient activities can form the basis for a technological solution to support independent living, specifically, build a Hybrid Power RFID sensor tag which could renovate the way of tag-to-reader communications based on the Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform (WISP) 4.1 DL version.

A WISP is generally a sensing and computing device that is powered and read by a standard off-the-shelf RFID reader [1].

Currently, there are three common approaches to provide power and tag-to-reader communications. The first one is the passive sensor tag, it receives all its operating power from an RFID reader. It is battery-free but with short wireless communication distance and the requirement of proximity to RFID reader is high [2]. The second one is the semi-passive sensor tag, it uses batteries to run the chip’s circuitry, but communicates by drawing power from the reader. The last one is the active sensor tag, it provides long wireless communication distance but in the expense of high cost and low lifetime since it requires one-time batteries to power for the tag and radio.

=== Project Aims ===
An enhanced version of the sensor tag is proposed.

The individual aim of this project is to formulate, design and build a Battery Management Unit (BMU) capable of charging/discharging under different circumstances and increase the communication distance of the tag. The BMU shall be smart to decide when to use the battery to power the WISP and be charged by the UHF reader.

It is supposed to combine all the advantages from the current three types of sensor tags and achieve better overall performance with low power consumption. Longer communication distance and better life time shall be realized.

=== Outline of proposed work ===
* Battery Test
* Building Hybrid Power RFID Sensor Tags

=== Project Approach ===
==== Original WISP performance ====
[[File:WISPDV.png]]

* The WISP 4.1 DL communication and error rates as a function of RF attenuation and calculate distance.

==== Block Diagram ====
* Origianl WISP
[[File:Original.png]]

The original WISP design block diagram with no battery.

* Proposed Design
[[File:New.png]]

The above is our proposed design with Battery Management Unit (BMU). The external battery would be automatically charged and discharged under different distance between the RFID reader and the WISP corresponding to the output voltage from the power harvester.

==== Battery Test ====

Simulate charging and discharging conditions during the tag operation.

Charging condition
[[File:1Bat3.png]]

Discharging condition
[[File:1Bat4.png]]

==== Approach Description ====
As the WISP works under ultralow current (250uA), thus there will be a great possibility that the added Battery Management Unit (BMU) would absorb most of the current and kill the rest of the system normal operation. After struggling different design by our own, the EnerChip CC series with integrated power management finally become a sophisticated power solution as the heart of our design.

Here we provide two different ultimate designs block diagrams:

* Design 1

[[File:2Hard13.png]]

The EnerChip CC CBC 3105 with external battery or supercapacitor, a voltage detector, a traslator and a voltage regulator.

Note: By varying the R2 resistor to 360kohms when the R1 is 200kohms in order to lower the threshold voltage to 2.15V.

* Design 2

[[File:2Hard18.png]]

The EnerChip CC CBC 3105 with an external battery or supercapacitor, a voltage doubler, an analog switch, two voltage detectors and translators, and a voltage regulator.

Note: The BMU can automatically switch between three stages: when the voltage is between 2V and 2.5V, use the voltage doubler to boost up the incoming harvested voltage and turn off the additional 1V voltage detector; when the voltage is above 2.5V, turn off the voltage doubler and the 1V additional voltage detector; when it goes below 2V, turn on the 1V additional voltage detector.

This design tends to consume less power than the first design after the theoretical analysis and calculations.

==== Testing Scenario ====

Our testing environment consists of an RFID reader and a sensor tag which is the WISP. We hold the tag and see whether if could be identified. The RFID reader sends a query to the tag and the tag returns an answer generally containing identifying information through Radio transmissions. The RFID reader sends the identifying information to our host computer, where it can be incorporated into a database to track objects and guide the activities of man and machines or revealed in human-readable form.

[[File:RFIDoverview.JPG]]

=== Technical Merits ===
* Longer communication distance
* Better power utilization
* Good life time
* Functionalities fully remained
* Low cost
* Ultra-small size

== Results and Outcomes ==

[[File:1Bat5.png]]

Charging curves for 6mAh NiMH batteries

[[File:1Bat9.png]]

Charging curves for 0.1F electric double layer capacitors

[[File:1Bat7.png]]

Discharging curves for 6mAh NiMH batteries

[[File:1Bat11.png]]

Discharging curves for 0.1F electric double layer capacitors

The supercapacitor tends to have better performance to NiMH with shorter charging time, less constraints on the charging/discharging voltage and lifespan.

[[File:R.JPG]]

Tag performance comparisons

== Team ==
=== Group members ===
* Mr Yuchen Dong
* Mr Han Xue

=== Supervisors ===
* Dr Said Al-Sarawi
* Dr Damith Ranasinghe

=== Resources ===
* WISP 4.1 DL
* RFID Reader, Antenna
* Host Computer
* USB Key Debugger
* IAR Embedded Workbench

=== References ===
* [1] Intel Research Seattle, “WISP Wiki,” [Online] https://wisp.wikispaces.com (Accessed: 2 October 2014).
* [2] A. P. Sample et al., “Design of an RFID-Based Battery-Free Programmable Sensing Platform,” IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 57, no. 11, pp. 2608 2615, Nov. 2008.
* [3] Quick Introduction to RFID[Online], Available: http://www.polygait.calpoly.edu/tutorial.htm

File:1Bat4.png

2014-10-25T10:33:53Z

A1635365:

File:1Bat3.png

2014-10-25T10:33:40Z

A1635365:

Projects:2014S1-35 Human Activity Recognition to Support Independent Living

2014-10-25T10:32:49Z

A1635365: /* Results and Outcomes */

This project aims to build a Hybrid Power RFID sensor tag which could renovate the way of tag-to-reader communications based on the Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform (WISP) 4.1 DL version developed by Intel Research Seattle.

== Project information ==
The holistic goal of the Human Activity Recognition to Support Independent Living project is to determine if the use of privacy preserving radio-frequency identification technology and wireless sensor technology to detect patient activities can form the basis for a technological solution to support independent living, specifically, build a Hybrid Power RFID sensor tag which could renovate the way of tag-to-reader communications based on the Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform (WISP) 4.1 DL version.

A WISP is generally a sensing and computing device that is powered and read by a standard off-the-shelf RFID reader [1].

Currently, there are three common approaches to provide power and tag-to-reader communications. The first one is the passive sensor tag, it receives all its operating power from an RFID reader. It is battery-free but with short wireless communication distance and the requirement of proximity to RFID reader is high [2]. The second one is the semi-passive sensor tag, it uses batteries to run the chip’s circuitry, but communicates by drawing power from the reader. The last one is the active sensor tag, it provides long wireless communication distance but in the expense of high cost and low lifetime since it requires one-time batteries to power for the tag and radio.

=== Project Aims ===
An enhanced version of the sensor tag is proposed.

The individual aim of this project is to formulate, design and build a Battery Management Unit (BMU) capable of charging/discharging under different circumstances and increase the communication distance of the tag. The BMU shall be smart to decide when to use the battery to power the WISP and be charged by the UHF reader.

It is supposed to combine all the advantages from the current three types of sensor tags and achieve better overall performance with low power consumption. Longer communication distance and better life time shall be realized.

=== Outline of proposed work ===
* Battery Test
* Building Hybrid Power RFID Sensor Tags

=== Project Approach ===
==== Original WISP performance ====
[[File:WISPDV.png]]

* The WISP 4.1 DL communication and error rates as a function of RF attenuation and calculate distance.

==== Block Diagram ====
* Origianl WISP
[[File:Original.png]]

The original WISP design block diagram with no battery.

* Proposed Design
[[File:New.png]]

The above is our proposed design with Battery Management Unit (BMU). The external battery would be automatically charged and discharged under different distance between the RFID reader and the WISP corresponding to the output voltage from the power harvester.

==== Approach Description ====
As the WISP works under ultralow current (250uA), thus there will be a great possibility that the added Battery Management Unit (BMU) would absorb most of the current and kill the rest of the system normal operation. After struggling different design by our own, the EnerChip CC series with integrated power management finally become a sophisticated power solution as the heart of our design.

Here we provide two different ultimate designs block diagrams:

* Design 1

[[File:2Hard13.png]]

The EnerChip CC CBC 3105 with external battery or supercapacitor, a voltage detector, a traslator and a voltage regulator.

Note: By varying the R2 resistor to 360kohms when the R1 is 200kohms in order to lower the threshold voltage to 2.15V.

* Design 2

[[File:2Hard18.png]]

The EnerChip CC CBC 3105 with an external battery or supercapacitor, a voltage doubler, an analog switch, two voltage detectors and translators, and a voltage regulator.

Note: The BMU can automatically switch between three stages: when the voltage is between 2V and 2.5V, use the voltage doubler to boost up the incoming harvested voltage and turn off the additional 1V voltage detector; when the voltage is above 2.5V, turn off the voltage doubler and the 1V additional voltage detector; when it goes below 2V, turn on the 1V additional voltage detector.

This design tends to consume less power than the first design after the theoretical analysis and calculations.

==== Testing Scenario ====

Our testing environment consists of an RFID reader and a sensor tag which is the WISP. We hold the tag and see whether if could be identified. The RFID reader sends a query to the tag and the tag returns an answer generally containing identifying information through Radio transmissions. The RFID reader sends the identifying information to our host computer, where it can be incorporated into a database to track objects and guide the activities of man and machines or revealed in human-readable form.

[[File:RFIDoverview.JPG]]

=== Technical Merits ===
* Longer communication distance
* Better power utilization
* Good life time
* Functionalities fully remained
* Low cost
* Ultra-small size

== Results and Outcomes ==

[[File:1Bat5.png]]

Charging curves for 6mAh NiMH batteries

[[File:1Bat9.png]]

Charging curves for 0.1F electric double layer capacitors

[[File:1Bat7.png]]

Discharging curves for 6mAh NiMH batteries

[[File:1Bat11.png]]

Discharging curves for 0.1F electric double layer capacitors

The supercapacitor tends to have better performance to NiMH with shorter charging time, less constraints on the charging/discharging voltage and lifespan.

[[File:R.JPG]]

Tag performance comparisons

== Team ==
=== Group members ===
* Mr Yuchen Dong
* Mr Han Xue

=== Supervisors ===
* Dr Said Al-Sarawi
* Dr Damith Ranasinghe

=== Resources ===
* WISP 4.1 DL
* RFID Reader, Antenna
* Host Computer
* USB Key Debugger
* IAR Embedded Workbench

=== References ===
* [1] Intel Research Seattle, “WISP Wiki,” [Online] https://wisp.wikispaces.com (Accessed: 2 October 2014).
* [2] A. P. Sample et al., “Design of an RFID-Based Battery-Free Programmable Sensing Platform,” IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 57, no. 11, pp. 2608 2615, Nov. 2008.
* [3] Quick Introduction to RFID[Online], Available: http://www.polygait.calpoly.edu/tutorial.htm

Projects:2014S1-35 Human Activity Recognition to Support Independent Living

2014-10-25T10:32:34Z

A1635365: /* Results and Outcomes */

This project aims to build a Hybrid Power RFID sensor tag which could renovate the way of tag-to-reader communications based on the Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform (WISP) 4.1 DL version developed by Intel Research Seattle.

== Project information ==
The holistic goal of the Human Activity Recognition to Support Independent Living project is to determine if the use of privacy preserving radio-frequency identification technology and wireless sensor technology to detect patient activities can form the basis for a technological solution to support independent living, specifically, build a Hybrid Power RFID sensor tag which could renovate the way of tag-to-reader communications based on the Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform (WISP) 4.1 DL version.

A WISP is generally a sensing and computing device that is powered and read by a standard off-the-shelf RFID reader [1].

Currently, there are three common approaches to provide power and tag-to-reader communications. The first one is the passive sensor tag, it receives all its operating power from an RFID reader. It is battery-free but with short wireless communication distance and the requirement of proximity to RFID reader is high [2]. The second one is the semi-passive sensor tag, it uses batteries to run the chip’s circuitry, but communicates by drawing power from the reader. The last one is the active sensor tag, it provides long wireless communication distance but in the expense of high cost and low lifetime since it requires one-time batteries to power for the tag and radio.

=== Project Aims ===
An enhanced version of the sensor tag is proposed.

The individual aim of this project is to formulate, design and build a Battery Management Unit (BMU) capable of charging/discharging under different circumstances and increase the communication distance of the tag. The BMU shall be smart to decide when to use the battery to power the WISP and be charged by the UHF reader.

It is supposed to combine all the advantages from the current three types of sensor tags and achieve better overall performance with low power consumption. Longer communication distance and better life time shall be realized.

=== Outline of proposed work ===
* Battery Test
* Building Hybrid Power RFID Sensor Tags

=== Project Approach ===
==== Original WISP performance ====
[[File:WISPDV.png]]

* The WISP 4.1 DL communication and error rates as a function of RF attenuation and calculate distance.

==== Block Diagram ====
* Origianl WISP
[[File:Original.png]]

The original WISP design block diagram with no battery.

* Proposed Design
[[File:New.png]]

The above is our proposed design with Battery Management Unit (BMU). The external battery would be automatically charged and discharged under different distance between the RFID reader and the WISP corresponding to the output voltage from the power harvester.

==== Approach Description ====
As the WISP works under ultralow current (250uA), thus there will be a great possibility that the added Battery Management Unit (BMU) would absorb most of the current and kill the rest of the system normal operation. After struggling different design by our own, the EnerChip CC series with integrated power management finally become a sophisticated power solution as the heart of our design.

Here we provide two different ultimate designs block diagrams:

* Design 1

[[File:2Hard13.png]]

The EnerChip CC CBC 3105 with external battery or supercapacitor, a voltage detector, a traslator and a voltage regulator.

Note: By varying the R2 resistor to 360kohms when the R1 is 200kohms in order to lower the threshold voltage to 2.15V.

* Design 2

[[File:2Hard18.png]]

The EnerChip CC CBC 3105 with an external battery or supercapacitor, a voltage doubler, an analog switch, two voltage detectors and translators, and a voltage regulator.

Note: The BMU can automatically switch between three stages: when the voltage is between 2V and 2.5V, use the voltage doubler to boost up the incoming harvested voltage and turn off the additional 1V voltage detector; when the voltage is above 2.5V, turn off the voltage doubler and the 1V additional voltage detector; when it goes below 2V, turn on the 1V additional voltage detector.

This design tends to consume less power than the first design after the theoretical analysis and calculations.

==== Testing Scenario ====

Our testing environment consists of an RFID reader and a sensor tag which is the WISP. We hold the tag and see whether if could be identified. The RFID reader sends a query to the tag and the tag returns an answer generally containing identifying information through Radio transmissions. The RFID reader sends the identifying information to our host computer, where it can be incorporated into a database to track objects and guide the activities of man and machines or revealed in human-readable form.

[[File:RFIDoverview.JPG]]

=== Technical Merits ===
* Longer communication distance
* Better power utilization
* Good life time
* Functionalities fully remained
* Low cost
* Ultra-small size

== Results and Outcomes ==

[[File:1Bat5.png]]

Charging curves for 6mAh NiMH batteries

[[File:1Bat9.png]]

Charging curves for 0.1F electric double layer capacitors

[[File:1Bat7.png]]

Discharging curves for 6mAh NiMH batteries

[[File:1Bat11.png]]

Discharging curves for 0.1F electric double layer capacitors

The supercapacitor tends to have better performance to NiMH with shorter charging time, less constraints on the charging/discharging voltage and lifespan.

[[File:R.JPG]]
Tag performance comparisons

== Team ==
=== Group members ===
* Mr Yuchen Dong
* Mr Han Xue

=== Supervisors ===
* Dr Said Al-Sarawi
* Dr Damith Ranasinghe

=== Resources ===
* WISP 4.1 DL
* RFID Reader, Antenna
* Host Computer
* USB Key Debugger
* IAR Embedded Workbench

=== References ===
* [1] Intel Research Seattle, “WISP Wiki,” [Online] https://wisp.wikispaces.com (Accessed: 2 October 2014).
* [2] A. P. Sample et al., “Design of an RFID-Based Battery-Free Programmable Sensing Platform,” IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 57, no. 11, pp. 2608 2615, Nov. 2008.
* [3] Quick Introduction to RFID[Online], Available: http://www.polygait.calpoly.edu/tutorial.htm

Projects:2014S1-35 Human Activity Recognition to Support Independent Living

2014-10-25T10:32:04Z

A1635365: /* Results and Outcomes */

This project aims to build a Hybrid Power RFID sensor tag which could renovate the way of tag-to-reader communications based on the Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform (WISP) 4.1 DL version developed by Intel Research Seattle.

== Project information ==
The holistic goal of the Human Activity Recognition to Support Independent Living project is to determine if the use of privacy preserving radio-frequency identification technology and wireless sensor technology to detect patient activities can form the basis for a technological solution to support independent living, specifically, build a Hybrid Power RFID sensor tag which could renovate the way of tag-to-reader communications based on the Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform (WISP) 4.1 DL version.

A WISP is generally a sensing and computing device that is powered and read by a standard off-the-shelf RFID reader [1].

Currently, there are three common approaches to provide power and tag-to-reader communications. The first one is the passive sensor tag, it receives all its operating power from an RFID reader. It is battery-free but with short wireless communication distance and the requirement of proximity to RFID reader is high [2]. The second one is the semi-passive sensor tag, it uses batteries to run the chip’s circuitry, but communicates by drawing power from the reader. The last one is the active sensor tag, it provides long wireless communication distance but in the expense of high cost and low lifetime since it requires one-time batteries to power for the tag and radio.

=== Project Aims ===
An enhanced version of the sensor tag is proposed.

The individual aim of this project is to formulate, design and build a Battery Management Unit (BMU) capable of charging/discharging under different circumstances and increase the communication distance of the tag. The BMU shall be smart to decide when to use the battery to power the WISP and be charged by the UHF reader.

It is supposed to combine all the advantages from the current three types of sensor tags and achieve better overall performance with low power consumption. Longer communication distance and better life time shall be realized.

=== Outline of proposed work ===
* Battery Test
* Building Hybrid Power RFID Sensor Tags

=== Project Approach ===
==== Original WISP performance ====
[[File:WISPDV.png]]

* The WISP 4.1 DL communication and error rates as a function of RF attenuation and calculate distance.

==== Block Diagram ====
* Origianl WISP
[[File:Original.png]]

The original WISP design block diagram with no battery.

* Proposed Design
[[File:New.png]]

The above is our proposed design with Battery Management Unit (BMU). The external battery would be automatically charged and discharged under different distance between the RFID reader and the WISP corresponding to the output voltage from the power harvester.

==== Approach Description ====
As the WISP works under ultralow current (250uA), thus there will be a great possibility that the added Battery Management Unit (BMU) would absorb most of the current and kill the rest of the system normal operation. After struggling different design by our own, the EnerChip CC series with integrated power management finally become a sophisticated power solution as the heart of our design.

Here we provide two different ultimate designs block diagrams:

* Design 1

[[File:2Hard13.png]]

The EnerChip CC CBC 3105 with external battery or supercapacitor, a voltage detector, a traslator and a voltage regulator.

Note: By varying the R2 resistor to 360kohms when the R1 is 200kohms in order to lower the threshold voltage to 2.15V.

* Design 2

[[File:2Hard18.png]]

The EnerChip CC CBC 3105 with an external battery or supercapacitor, a voltage doubler, an analog switch, two voltage detectors and translators, and a voltage regulator.

Note: The BMU can automatically switch between three stages: when the voltage is between 2V and 2.5V, use the voltage doubler to boost up the incoming harvested voltage and turn off the additional 1V voltage detector; when the voltage is above 2.5V, turn off the voltage doubler and the 1V additional voltage detector; when it goes below 2V, turn on the 1V additional voltage detector.

This design tends to consume less power than the first design after the theoretical analysis and calculations.

==== Testing Scenario ====

Our testing environment consists of an RFID reader and a sensor tag which is the WISP. We hold the tag and see whether if could be identified. The RFID reader sends a query to the tag and the tag returns an answer generally containing identifying information through Radio transmissions. The RFID reader sends the identifying information to our host computer, where it can be incorporated into a database to track objects and guide the activities of man and machines or revealed in human-readable form.

[[File:RFIDoverview.JPG]]

=== Technical Merits ===
* Longer communication distance
* Better power utilization
* Good life time
* Functionalities fully remained
* Low cost
* Ultra-small size

== Results and Outcomes ==

[[File:1Bat5.png]]

Charging curves for 6mAh NiMH batteries

[[File:1Bat9.png]]

Charging curves for 0.1F electric double layer capacitors

[[File:1Bat7.png]]

Discharging curves for 6mAh NiMH batteries

[[File:1Bat11.png]]

Discharging curves for 0.1F electric double layer capacitors

The supercapacitor tends to have better performance to NiMH with shorter charging time, less constraints on the charging/discharging voltage and lifespan.

[[File:R.JPG]]
Tag performance

== Team ==
=== Group members ===
* Mr Yuchen Dong
* Mr Han Xue

=== Supervisors ===
* Dr Said Al-Sarawi
* Dr Damith Ranasinghe

=== Resources ===
* WISP 4.1 DL
* RFID Reader, Antenna
* Host Computer
* USB Key Debugger
* IAR Embedded Workbench

=== References ===
* [1] Intel Research Seattle, “WISP Wiki,” [Online] https://wisp.wikispaces.com (Accessed: 2 October 2014).
* [2] A. P. Sample et al., “Design of an RFID-Based Battery-Free Programmable Sensing Platform,” IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 57, no. 11, pp. 2608 2615, Nov. 2008.
* [3] Quick Introduction to RFID[Online], Available: http://www.polygait.calpoly.edu/tutorial.htm

File:1Bat9.png

2014-10-25T10:31:42Z

A1635365:

File:1Bat5.png

2014-10-25T10:30:47Z

A1635365:

Projects:2014S1-35 Human Activity Recognition to Support Independent Living

2014-10-25T10:23:47Z

A1635365: /* Results and Outcomes */

This project aims to build a Hybrid Power RFID sensor tag which could renovate the way of tag-to-reader communications based on the Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform (WISP) 4.1 DL version developed by Intel Research Seattle.

== Project information ==
The holistic goal of the Human Activity Recognition to Support Independent Living project is to determine if the use of privacy preserving radio-frequency identification technology and wireless sensor technology to detect patient activities can form the basis for a technological solution to support independent living, specifically, build a Hybrid Power RFID sensor tag which could renovate the way of tag-to-reader communications based on the Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform (WISP) 4.1 DL version.

A WISP is generally a sensing and computing device that is powered and read by a standard off-the-shelf RFID reader [1].

Currently, there are three common approaches to provide power and tag-to-reader communications. The first one is the passive sensor tag, it receives all its operating power from an RFID reader. It is battery-free but with short wireless communication distance and the requirement of proximity to RFID reader is high [2]. The second one is the semi-passive sensor tag, it uses batteries to run the chip’s circuitry, but communicates by drawing power from the reader. The last one is the active sensor tag, it provides long wireless communication distance but in the expense of high cost and low lifetime since it requires one-time batteries to power for the tag and radio.

=== Project Aims ===
An enhanced version of the sensor tag is proposed.

The individual aim of this project is to formulate, design and build a Battery Management Unit (BMU) capable of charging/discharging under different circumstances and increase the communication distance of the tag. The BMU shall be smart to decide when to use the battery to power the WISP and be charged by the UHF reader.

It is supposed to combine all the advantages from the current three types of sensor tags and achieve better overall performance with low power consumption. Longer communication distance and better life time shall be realized.

=== Outline of proposed work ===
* Battery Test
* Building Hybrid Power RFID Sensor Tags

=== Project Approach ===
==== Original WISP performance ====
[[File:WISPDV.png]]

* The WISP 4.1 DL communication and error rates as a function of RF attenuation and calculate distance.

==== Block Diagram ====
* Origianl WISP
[[File:Original.png]]

The original WISP design block diagram with no battery.

* Proposed Design
[[File:New.png]]

The above is our proposed design with Battery Management Unit (BMU). The external battery would be automatically charged and discharged under different distance between the RFID reader and the WISP corresponding to the output voltage from the power harvester.

==== Approach Description ====
As the WISP works under ultralow current (250uA), thus there will be a great possibility that the added Battery Management Unit (BMU) would absorb most of the current and kill the rest of the system normal operation. After struggling different design by our own, the EnerChip CC series with integrated power management finally become a sophisticated power solution as the heart of our design.

Here we provide two different ultimate designs block diagrams:

* Design 1

[[File:2Hard13.png]]

The EnerChip CC CBC 3105 with external battery or supercapacitor, a voltage detector, a traslator and a voltage regulator.

Note: By varying the R2 resistor to 360kohms when the R1 is 200kohms in order to lower the threshold voltage to 2.15V.

* Design 2

[[File:2Hard18.png]]

The EnerChip CC CBC 3105 with an external battery or supercapacitor, a voltage doubler, an analog switch, two voltage detectors and translators, and a voltage regulator.

Note: The BMU can automatically switch between three stages: when the voltage is between 2V and 2.5V, use the voltage doubler to boost up the incoming harvested voltage and turn off the additional 1V voltage detector; when the voltage is above 2.5V, turn off the voltage doubler and the 1V additional voltage detector; when it goes below 2V, turn on the 1V additional voltage detector.

This design tends to consume less power than the first design after the theoretical analysis and calculations.

==== Testing Scenario ====

Our testing environment consists of an RFID reader and a sensor tag which is the WISP. We hold the tag and see whether if could be identified. The RFID reader sends a query to the tag and the tag returns an answer generally containing identifying information through Radio transmissions. The RFID reader sends the identifying information to our host computer, where it can be incorporated into a database to track objects and guide the activities of man and machines or revealed in human-readable form.

[[File:RFIDoverview.JPG]]

=== Technical Merits ===
* Longer communication distance
* Better power utilization
* Good life time
* Functionalities fully remained
* Low cost
* Ultra-small size

== Results and Outcomes ==

[[File:1Bat7.png]]

Discharging curves for 6mAh NiMH batteries

[[File:1Bat11.png]]

Discharging curves for 0.1F electric double layer capacitors

[[File:R.JPG]]
Tag performance

== Team ==
=== Group members ===
* Mr Yuchen Dong
* Mr Han Xue

=== Supervisors ===
* Dr Said Al-Sarawi
* Dr Damith Ranasinghe

=== Resources ===
* WISP 4.1 DL
* RFID Reader, Antenna
* Host Computer
* USB Key Debugger
* IAR Embedded Workbench

=== References ===
* [1] Intel Research Seattle, “WISP Wiki,” [Online] https://wisp.wikispaces.com (Accessed: 2 October 2014).
* [2] A. P. Sample et al., “Design of an RFID-Based Battery-Free Programmable Sensing Platform,” IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 57, no. 11, pp. 2608 2615, Nov. 2008.
* [3] Quick Introduction to RFID[Online], Available: http://www.polygait.calpoly.edu/tutorial.htm

Projects:2014S1-35 Human Activity Recognition to Support Independent Living

2014-10-25T10:23:19Z

A1635365: /* Results and Outcomes */

This project aims to build a Hybrid Power RFID sensor tag which could renovate the way of tag-to-reader communications based on the Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform (WISP) 4.1 DL version developed by Intel Research Seattle.

== Project information ==
The holistic goal of the Human Activity Recognition to Support Independent Living project is to determine if the use of privacy preserving radio-frequency identification technology and wireless sensor technology to detect patient activities can form the basis for a technological solution to support independent living, specifically, build a Hybrid Power RFID sensor tag which could renovate the way of tag-to-reader communications based on the Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform (WISP) 4.1 DL version.

A WISP is generally a sensing and computing device that is powered and read by a standard off-the-shelf RFID reader [1].

Currently, there are three common approaches to provide power and tag-to-reader communications. The first one is the passive sensor tag, it receives all its operating power from an RFID reader. It is battery-free but with short wireless communication distance and the requirement of proximity to RFID reader is high [2]. The second one is the semi-passive sensor tag, it uses batteries to run the chip’s circuitry, but communicates by drawing power from the reader. The last one is the active sensor tag, it provides long wireless communication distance but in the expense of high cost and low lifetime since it requires one-time batteries to power for the tag and radio.

=== Project Aims ===
An enhanced version of the sensor tag is proposed.

The individual aim of this project is to formulate, design and build a Battery Management Unit (BMU) capable of charging/discharging under different circumstances and increase the communication distance of the tag. The BMU shall be smart to decide when to use the battery to power the WISP and be charged by the UHF reader.

It is supposed to combine all the advantages from the current three types of sensor tags and achieve better overall performance with low power consumption. Longer communication distance and better life time shall be realized.

=== Outline of proposed work ===
* Battery Test
* Building Hybrid Power RFID Sensor Tags

=== Project Approach ===
==== Original WISP performance ====
[[File:WISPDV.png]]

* The WISP 4.1 DL communication and error rates as a function of RF attenuation and calculate distance.

==== Block Diagram ====
* Origianl WISP
[[File:Original.png]]

The original WISP design block diagram with no battery.

* Proposed Design
[[File:New.png]]

The above is our proposed design with Battery Management Unit (BMU). The external battery would be automatically charged and discharged under different distance between the RFID reader and the WISP corresponding to the output voltage from the power harvester.

==== Approach Description ====
As the WISP works under ultralow current (250uA), thus there will be a great possibility that the added Battery Management Unit (BMU) would absorb most of the current and kill the rest of the system normal operation. After struggling different design by our own, the EnerChip CC series with integrated power management finally become a sophisticated power solution as the heart of our design.

Here we provide two different ultimate designs block diagrams:

* Design 1

[[File:2Hard13.png]]

The EnerChip CC CBC 3105 with external battery or supercapacitor, a voltage detector, a traslator and a voltage regulator.

Note: By varying the R2 resistor to 360kohms when the R1 is 200kohms in order to lower the threshold voltage to 2.15V.

* Design 2

[[File:2Hard18.png]]

The EnerChip CC CBC 3105 with an external battery or supercapacitor, a voltage doubler, an analog switch, two voltage detectors and translators, and a voltage regulator.

Note: The BMU can automatically switch between three stages: when the voltage is between 2V and 2.5V, use the voltage doubler to boost up the incoming harvested voltage and turn off the additional 1V voltage detector; when the voltage is above 2.5V, turn off the voltage doubler and the 1V additional voltage detector; when it goes below 2V, turn on the 1V additional voltage detector.

This design tends to consume less power than the first design after the theoretical analysis and calculations.

==== Testing Scenario ====

Our testing environment consists of an RFID reader and a sensor tag which is the WISP. We hold the tag and see whether if could be identified. The RFID reader sends a query to the tag and the tag returns an answer generally containing identifying information through Radio transmissions. The RFID reader sends the identifying information to our host computer, where it can be incorporated into a database to track objects and guide the activities of man and machines or revealed in human-readable form.

[[File:RFIDoverview.JPG]]

=== Technical Merits ===
* Longer communication distance
* Better power utilization
* Good life time
* Functionalities fully remained
* Low cost
* Ultra-small size

== Results and Outcomes ==

[[File:1Bat7.png]]
Discharging curves for 6mAh NiMH batteries

[[File:1Bat11.png]]
Discharging curves for 0.1F electric double layer capacitors

[[File:R.JPG]]
Tag performance

== Team ==
=== Group members ===
* Mr Yuchen Dong
* Mr Han Xue

=== Supervisors ===
* Dr Said Al-Sarawi
* Dr Damith Ranasinghe

=== Resources ===
* WISP 4.1 DL
* RFID Reader, Antenna
* Host Computer
* USB Key Debugger
* IAR Embedded Workbench

=== References ===
* [1] Intel Research Seattle, “WISP Wiki,” [Online] https://wisp.wikispaces.com (Accessed: 2 October 2014).
* [2] A. P. Sample et al., “Design of an RFID-Based Battery-Free Programmable Sensing Platform,” IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 57, no. 11, pp. 2608 2615, Nov. 2008.
* [3] Quick Introduction to RFID[Online], Available: http://www.polygait.calpoly.edu/tutorial.htm

Projects:2014S1-35 Human Activity Recognition to Support Independent Living

2014-10-25T10:22:48Z

A1635365: /* Results and Outcomes */

This project aims to build a Hybrid Power RFID sensor tag which could renovate the way of tag-to-reader communications based on the Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform (WISP) 4.1 DL version developed by Intel Research Seattle.

== Project information ==
The holistic goal of the Human Activity Recognition to Support Independent Living project is to determine if the use of privacy preserving radio-frequency identification technology and wireless sensor technology to detect patient activities can form the basis for a technological solution to support independent living, specifically, build a Hybrid Power RFID sensor tag which could renovate the way of tag-to-reader communications based on the Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform (WISP) 4.1 DL version.

A WISP is generally a sensing and computing device that is powered and read by a standard off-the-shelf RFID reader [1].

Currently, there are three common approaches to provide power and tag-to-reader communications. The first one is the passive sensor tag, it receives all its operating power from an RFID reader. It is battery-free but with short wireless communication distance and the requirement of proximity to RFID reader is high [2]. The second one is the semi-passive sensor tag, it uses batteries to run the chip’s circuitry, but communicates by drawing power from the reader. The last one is the active sensor tag, it provides long wireless communication distance but in the expense of high cost and low lifetime since it requires one-time batteries to power for the tag and radio.

=== Project Aims ===
An enhanced version of the sensor tag is proposed.

The individual aim of this project is to formulate, design and build a Battery Management Unit (BMU) capable of charging/discharging under different circumstances and increase the communication distance of the tag. The BMU shall be smart to decide when to use the battery to power the WISP and be charged by the UHF reader.

It is supposed to combine all the advantages from the current three types of sensor tags and achieve better overall performance with low power consumption. Longer communication distance and better life time shall be realized.

=== Outline of proposed work ===
* Battery Test
* Building Hybrid Power RFID Sensor Tags

=== Project Approach ===
==== Original WISP performance ====
[[File:WISPDV.png]]

* The WISP 4.1 DL communication and error rates as a function of RF attenuation and calculate distance.

==== Block Diagram ====
* Origianl WISP
[[File:Original.png]]

The original WISP design block diagram with no battery.

* Proposed Design
[[File:New.png]]

The above is our proposed design with Battery Management Unit (BMU). The external battery would be automatically charged and discharged under different distance between the RFID reader and the WISP corresponding to the output voltage from the power harvester.

==== Approach Description ====
As the WISP works under ultralow current (250uA), thus there will be a great possibility that the added Battery Management Unit (BMU) would absorb most of the current and kill the rest of the system normal operation. After struggling different design by our own, the EnerChip CC series with integrated power management finally become a sophisticated power solution as the heart of our design.

Here we provide two different ultimate designs block diagrams:

* Design 1

[[File:2Hard13.png]]

The EnerChip CC CBC 3105 with external battery or supercapacitor, a voltage detector, a traslator and a voltage regulator.

Note: By varying the R2 resistor to 360kohms when the R1 is 200kohms in order to lower the threshold voltage to 2.15V.

* Design 2

[[File:2Hard18.png]]

The EnerChip CC CBC 3105 with an external battery or supercapacitor, a voltage doubler, an analog switch, two voltage detectors and translators, and a voltage regulator.

Note: The BMU can automatically switch between three stages: when the voltage is between 2V and 2.5V, use the voltage doubler to boost up the incoming harvested voltage and turn off the additional 1V voltage detector; when the voltage is above 2.5V, turn off the voltage doubler and the 1V additional voltage detector; when it goes below 2V, turn on the 1V additional voltage detector.

This design tends to consume less power than the first design after the theoretical analysis and calculations.

==== Testing Scenario ====

Our testing environment consists of an RFID reader and a sensor tag which is the WISP. We hold the tag and see whether if could be identified. The RFID reader sends a query to the tag and the tag returns an answer generally containing identifying information through Radio transmissions. The RFID reader sends the identifying information to our host computer, where it can be incorporated into a database to track objects and guide the activities of man and machines or revealed in human-readable form.

[[File:RFIDoverview.JPG]]

=== Technical Merits ===
* Longer communication distance
* Better power utilization
* Good life time
* Functionalities fully remained
* Low cost
* Ultra-small size

== Results and Outcomes ==

[[File:1Bat7.png]]
Discharging curves for 6mAh NiMH batteries

[[File:1Bat7.png]]
Discharging curves for 0.1F electric double layer capacitors

[[File:R.JPG]]
Tag performance

== Team ==
=== Group members ===
* Mr Yuchen Dong
* Mr Han Xue

=== Supervisors ===
* Dr Said Al-Sarawi
* Dr Damith Ranasinghe

=== Resources ===
* WISP 4.1 DL
* RFID Reader, Antenna
* Host Computer
* USB Key Debugger
* IAR Embedded Workbench

=== References ===
* [1] Intel Research Seattle, “WISP Wiki,” [Online] https://wisp.wikispaces.com (Accessed: 2 October 2014).
* [2] A. P. Sample et al., “Design of an RFID-Based Battery-Free Programmable Sensing Platform,” IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 57, no. 11, pp. 2608 2615, Nov. 2008.
* [3] Quick Introduction to RFID[Online], Available: http://www.polygait.calpoly.edu/tutorial.htm

Projects:2014S1-35 Human Activity Recognition to Support Independent Living

2014-10-25T10:22:11Z

A1635365: /* Results and Outcomes */

This project aims to build a Hybrid Power RFID sensor tag which could renovate the way of tag-to-reader communications based on the Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform (WISP) 4.1 DL version developed by Intel Research Seattle.

== Project information ==
The holistic goal of the Human Activity Recognition to Support Independent Living project is to determine if the use of privacy preserving radio-frequency identification technology and wireless sensor technology to detect patient activities can form the basis for a technological solution to support independent living, specifically, build a Hybrid Power RFID sensor tag which could renovate the way of tag-to-reader communications based on the Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform (WISP) 4.1 DL version.

A WISP is generally a sensing and computing device that is powered and read by a standard off-the-shelf RFID reader [1].

Currently, there are three common approaches to provide power and tag-to-reader communications. The first one is the passive sensor tag, it receives all its operating power from an RFID reader. It is battery-free but with short wireless communication distance and the requirement of proximity to RFID reader is high [2]. The second one is the semi-passive sensor tag, it uses batteries to run the chip’s circuitry, but communicates by drawing power from the reader. The last one is the active sensor tag, it provides long wireless communication distance but in the expense of high cost and low lifetime since it requires one-time batteries to power for the tag and radio.

=== Project Aims ===
An enhanced version of the sensor tag is proposed.

The individual aim of this project is to formulate, design and build a Battery Management Unit (BMU) capable of charging/discharging under different circumstances and increase the communication distance of the tag. The BMU shall be smart to decide when to use the battery to power the WISP and be charged by the UHF reader.

It is supposed to combine all the advantages from the current three types of sensor tags and achieve better overall performance with low power consumption. Longer communication distance and better life time shall be realized.

=== Outline of proposed work ===
* Battery Test
* Building Hybrid Power RFID Sensor Tags

=== Project Approach ===
==== Original WISP performance ====
[[File:WISPDV.png]]

* The WISP 4.1 DL communication and error rates as a function of RF attenuation and calculate distance.

==== Block Diagram ====
* Origianl WISP
[[File:Original.png]]

The original WISP design block diagram with no battery.

* Proposed Design
[[File:New.png]]

The above is our proposed design with Battery Management Unit (BMU). The external battery would be automatically charged and discharged under different distance between the RFID reader and the WISP corresponding to the output voltage from the power harvester.

==== Approach Description ====
As the WISP works under ultralow current (250uA), thus there will be a great possibility that the added Battery Management Unit (BMU) would absorb most of the current and kill the rest of the system normal operation. After struggling different design by our own, the EnerChip CC series with integrated power management finally become a sophisticated power solution as the heart of our design.

Here we provide two different ultimate designs block diagrams:

* Design 1

[[File:2Hard13.png]]

The EnerChip CC CBC 3105 with external battery or supercapacitor, a voltage detector, a traslator and a voltage regulator.

Note: By varying the R2 resistor to 360kohms when the R1 is 200kohms in order to lower the threshold voltage to 2.15V.

* Design 2

[[File:2Hard18.png]]

The EnerChip CC CBC 3105 with an external battery or supercapacitor, a voltage doubler, an analog switch, two voltage detectors and translators, and a voltage regulator.

Note: The BMU can automatically switch between three stages: when the voltage is between 2V and 2.5V, use the voltage doubler to boost up the incoming harvested voltage and turn off the additional 1V voltage detector; when the voltage is above 2.5V, turn off the voltage doubler and the 1V additional voltage detector; when it goes below 2V, turn on the 1V additional voltage detector.

This design tends to consume less power than the first design after the theoretical analysis and calculations.

==== Testing Scenario ====

Our testing environment consists of an RFID reader and a sensor tag which is the WISP. We hold the tag and see whether if could be identified. The RFID reader sends a query to the tag and the tag returns an answer generally containing identifying information through Radio transmissions. The RFID reader sends the identifying information to our host computer, where it can be incorporated into a database to track objects and guide the activities of man and machines or revealed in human-readable form.

[[File:RFIDoverview.JPG]]

=== Technical Merits ===
* Longer communication distance
* Better power utilization
* Good life time
* Functionalities fully remained
* Low cost
* Ultra-small size

== Results and Outcomes ==

[[File:1Bat7.PNG]]
Discharging curves for 6mAh NiMH batteries

[[File:1Bat7.PNG]]
Discharging curves for 0.1F electric double layer capacitors

[[File:R.JPG]]
Tag performance

== Team ==
=== Group members ===
* Mr Yuchen Dong
* Mr Han Xue

=== Supervisors ===
* Dr Said Al-Sarawi
* Dr Damith Ranasinghe

=== Resources ===
* WISP 4.1 DL
* RFID Reader, Antenna
* Host Computer
* USB Key Debugger
* IAR Embedded Workbench

=== References ===
* [1] Intel Research Seattle, “WISP Wiki,” [Online] https://wisp.wikispaces.com (Accessed: 2 October 2014).
* [2] A. P. Sample et al., “Design of an RFID-Based Battery-Free Programmable Sensing Platform,” IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 57, no. 11, pp. 2608 2615, Nov. 2008.
* [3] Quick Introduction to RFID[Online], Available: http://www.polygait.calpoly.edu/tutorial.htm

Projects:2014S1-35 Human Activity Recognition to Support Independent Living

2014-10-25T10:21:39Z

A1635365: /* Results and Outcomes */

This project aims to build a Hybrid Power RFID sensor tag which could renovate the way of tag-to-reader communications based on the Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform (WISP) 4.1 DL version developed by Intel Research Seattle.

== Project information ==
The holistic goal of the Human Activity Recognition to Support Independent Living project is to determine if the use of privacy preserving radio-frequency identification technology and wireless sensor technology to detect patient activities can form the basis for a technological solution to support independent living, specifically, build a Hybrid Power RFID sensor tag which could renovate the way of tag-to-reader communications based on the Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform (WISP) 4.1 DL version.

A WISP is generally a sensing and computing device that is powered and read by a standard off-the-shelf RFID reader [1].

Currently, there are three common approaches to provide power and tag-to-reader communications. The first one is the passive sensor tag, it receives all its operating power from an RFID reader. It is battery-free but with short wireless communication distance and the requirement of proximity to RFID reader is high [2]. The second one is the semi-passive sensor tag, it uses batteries to run the chip’s circuitry, but communicates by drawing power from the reader. The last one is the active sensor tag, it provides long wireless communication distance but in the expense of high cost and low lifetime since it requires one-time batteries to power for the tag and radio.

=== Project Aims ===
An enhanced version of the sensor tag is proposed.

The individual aim of this project is to formulate, design and build a Battery Management Unit (BMU) capable of charging/discharging under different circumstances and increase the communication distance of the tag. The BMU shall be smart to decide when to use the battery to power the WISP and be charged by the UHF reader.

It is supposed to combine all the advantages from the current three types of sensor tags and achieve better overall performance with low power consumption. Longer communication distance and better life time shall be realized.

=== Outline of proposed work ===
* Battery Test
* Building Hybrid Power RFID Sensor Tags

=== Project Approach ===
==== Original WISP performance ====
[[File:WISPDV.png]]

* The WISP 4.1 DL communication and error rates as a function of RF attenuation and calculate distance.

==== Block Diagram ====
* Origianl WISP
[[File:Original.png]]

The original WISP design block diagram with no battery.

* Proposed Design
[[File:New.png]]

The above is our proposed design with Battery Management Unit (BMU). The external battery would be automatically charged and discharged under different distance between the RFID reader and the WISP corresponding to the output voltage from the power harvester.

==== Approach Description ====
As the WISP works under ultralow current (250uA), thus there will be a great possibility that the added Battery Management Unit (BMU) would absorb most of the current and kill the rest of the system normal operation. After struggling different design by our own, the EnerChip CC series with integrated power management finally become a sophisticated power solution as the heart of our design.

Here we provide two different ultimate designs block diagrams:

* Design 1

[[File:2Hard13.png]]

The EnerChip CC CBC 3105 with external battery or supercapacitor, a voltage detector, a traslator and a voltage regulator.

Note: By varying the R2 resistor to 360kohms when the R1 is 200kohms in order to lower the threshold voltage to 2.15V.

* Design 2

[[File:2Hard18.png]]

The EnerChip CC CBC 3105 with an external battery or supercapacitor, a voltage doubler, an analog switch, two voltage detectors and translators, and a voltage regulator.

Note: The BMU can automatically switch between three stages: when the voltage is between 2V and 2.5V, use the voltage doubler to boost up the incoming harvested voltage and turn off the additional 1V voltage detector; when the voltage is above 2.5V, turn off the voltage doubler and the 1V additional voltage detector; when it goes below 2V, turn on the 1V additional voltage detector.

This design tends to consume less power than the first design after the theoretical analysis and calculations.

==== Testing Scenario ====

Our testing environment consists of an RFID reader and a sensor tag which is the WISP. We hold the tag and see whether if could be identified. The RFID reader sends a query to the tag and the tag returns an answer generally containing identifying information through Radio transmissions. The RFID reader sends the identifying information to our host computer, where it can be incorporated into a database to track objects and guide the activities of man and machines or revealed in human-readable form.

[[File:RFIDoverview.JPG]]

=== Technical Merits ===
* Longer communication distance
* Better power utilization
* Good life time
* Functionalities fully remained
* Low cost
* Ultra-small size

== Results and Outcomes ==

[[File:1Bat7.JPG]]
Discharging curves for 6mAh NiMH batteries

[[File:1Bat7.JPG]]
Discharging curves for 0.1F electric double layer capacitors

[[File:R.JPG]]
Tag performance

== Team ==
=== Group members ===
* Mr Yuchen Dong
* Mr Han Xue

=== Supervisors ===
* Dr Said Al-Sarawi
* Dr Damith Ranasinghe

=== Resources ===
* WISP 4.1 DL
* RFID Reader, Antenna
* Host Computer
* USB Key Debugger
* IAR Embedded Workbench

=== References ===
* [1] Intel Research Seattle, “WISP Wiki,” [Online] https://wisp.wikispaces.com (Accessed: 2 October 2014).
* [2] A. P. Sample et al., “Design of an RFID-Based Battery-Free Programmable Sensing Platform,” IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 57, no. 11, pp. 2608 2615, Nov. 2008.
* [3] Quick Introduction to RFID[Online], Available: http://www.polygait.calpoly.edu/tutorial.htm

File:1Bat11.png

2014-10-25T10:19:38Z

A1635365:

File:1Bat7.png

2014-10-25T10:19:25Z

A1635365:

Projects:2014S1-35 Human Activity Recognition to Support Independent Living

2014-10-25T09:17:57Z

A1635365: /* Results and Outcomes */

This project aims to build a Hybrid Power RFID sensor tag which could renovate the way of tag-to-reader communications based on the Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform (WISP) 4.1 DL version developed by Intel Research Seattle.

== Project information ==
The holistic goal of the Human Activity Recognition to Support Independent Living project is to determine if the use of privacy preserving radio-frequency identification technology and wireless sensor technology to detect patient activities can form the basis for a technological solution to support independent living, specifically, build a Hybrid Power RFID sensor tag which could renovate the way of tag-to-reader communications based on the Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform (WISP) 4.1 DL version.

A WISP is generally a sensing and computing device that is powered and read by a standard off-the-shelf RFID reader [1].

Currently, there are three common approaches to provide power and tag-to-reader communications. The first one is the passive sensor tag, it receives all its operating power from an RFID reader. It is battery-free but with short wireless communication distance and the requirement of proximity to RFID reader is high [2]. The second one is the semi-passive sensor tag, it uses batteries to run the chip’s circuitry, but communicates by drawing power from the reader. The last one is the active sensor tag, it provides long wireless communication distance but in the expense of high cost and low lifetime since it requires one-time batteries to power for the tag and radio.

=== Project Aims ===
An enhanced version of the sensor tag is proposed.

The individual aim of this project is to formulate, design and build a Battery Management Unit (BMU) capable of charging/discharging under different circumstances and increase the communication distance of the tag. The BMU shall be smart to decide when to use the battery to power the WISP and be charged by the UHF reader.

It is supposed to combine all the advantages from the current three types of sensor tags and achieve better overall performance with low power consumption. Longer communication distance and better life time shall be realized.

=== Outline of proposed work ===
* Battery Test
* Building Hybrid Power RFID Sensor Tags

=== Project Approach ===
==== Original WISP performance ====
[[File:WISPDV.png]]

* The WISP 4.1 DL communication and error rates as a function of RF attenuation and calculate distance.

==== Block Diagram ====
* Origianl WISP
[[File:Original.png]]

The original WISP design block diagram with no battery.

* Proposed Design
[[File:New.png]]

The above is our proposed design with Battery Management Unit (BMU). The external battery would be automatically charged and discharged under different distance between the RFID reader and the WISP corresponding to the output voltage from the power harvester.

==== Approach Description ====
As the WISP works under ultralow current (250uA), thus there will be a great possibility that the added Battery Management Unit (BMU) would absorb most of the current and kill the rest of the system normal operation. After struggling different design by our own, the EnerChip CC series with integrated power management finally become a sophisticated power solution as the heart of our design.

Here we provide two different ultimate designs block diagrams:

* Design 1

[[File:2Hard13.png]]

The EnerChip CC CBC 3105 with external battery or supercapacitor, a voltage detector, a traslator and a voltage regulator.

Note: By varying the R2 resistor to 360kohms when the R1 is 200kohms in order to lower the threshold voltage to 2.15V.

* Design 2

[[File:2Hard18.png]]

The EnerChip CC CBC 3105 with an external battery or supercapacitor, a voltage doubler, an analog switch, two voltage detectors and translators, and a voltage regulator.

Note: The BMU can automatically switch between three stages: when the voltage is between 2V and 2.5V, use the voltage doubler to boost up the incoming harvested voltage and turn off the additional 1V voltage detector; when the voltage is above 2.5V, turn off the voltage doubler and the 1V additional voltage detector; when it goes below 2V, turn on the 1V additional voltage detector.

This design tends to consume less power than the first design after the theoretical analysis and calculations.

==== Testing Scenario ====

Our testing environment consists of an RFID reader and a sensor tag which is the WISP. We hold the tag and see whether if could be identified. The RFID reader sends a query to the tag and the tag returns an answer generally containing identifying information through Radio transmissions. The RFID reader sends the identifying information to our host computer, where it can be incorporated into a database to track objects and guide the activities of man and machines or revealed in human-readable form.

[[File:RFIDoverview.JPG]]

=== Technical Merits ===
* Longer communication distance
* Better power utilization
* Good life time
* Functionalities fully remained
* Low cost
* Ultra-small size

== Results and Outcomes ==
[[File:R.JPG]]

== Team ==
=== Group members ===
* Mr Yuchen Dong
* Mr Han Xue

=== Supervisors ===
* Dr Said Al-Sarawi
* Dr Damith Ranasinghe

=== Resources ===
* WISP 4.1 DL
* RFID Reader, Antenna
* Host Computer
* USB Key Debugger
* IAR Embedded Workbench

=== References ===
* [1] Intel Research Seattle, “WISP Wiki,” [Online] https://wisp.wikispaces.com (Accessed: 2 October 2014).
* [2] A. P. Sample et al., “Design of an RFID-Based Battery-Free Programmable Sensing Platform,” IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 57, no. 11, pp. 2608 2615, Nov. 2008.
* [3] Quick Introduction to RFID[Online], Available: http://www.polygait.calpoly.edu/tutorial.htm

File:R.JPG

2014-10-25T09:14:00Z

A1635365: A1635365 uploaded a new version of "File:R.JPG"

Projects:2014S1-35 Human Activity Recognition to Support Independent Living

2014-10-25T09:12:08Z

A1635365: /* Design Performance */

This project aims to build a Hybrid Power RFID sensor tag which could renovate the way of tag-to-reader communications based on the Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform (WISP) 4.1 DL version developed by Intel Research Seattle.

== Project information ==
The holistic goal of the Human Activity Recognition to Support Independent Living project is to determine if the use of privacy preserving radio-frequency identification technology and wireless sensor technology to detect patient activities can form the basis for a technological solution to support independent living, specifically, build a Hybrid Power RFID sensor tag which could renovate the way of tag-to-reader communications based on the Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform (WISP) 4.1 DL version.

A WISP is generally a sensing and computing device that is powered and read by a standard off-the-shelf RFID reader [1].

Currently, there are three common approaches to provide power and tag-to-reader communications. The first one is the passive sensor tag, it receives all its operating power from an RFID reader. It is battery-free but with short wireless communication distance and the requirement of proximity to RFID reader is high [2]. The second one is the semi-passive sensor tag, it uses batteries to run the chip’s circuitry, but communicates by drawing power from the reader. The last one is the active sensor tag, it provides long wireless communication distance but in the expense of high cost and low lifetime since it requires one-time batteries to power for the tag and radio.

=== Project Aims ===
An enhanced version of the sensor tag is proposed.

The individual aim of this project is to formulate, design and build a Battery Management Unit (BMU) capable of charging/discharging under different circumstances and increase the communication distance of the tag. The BMU shall be smart to decide when to use the battery to power the WISP and be charged by the UHF reader.

It is supposed to combine all the advantages from the current three types of sensor tags and achieve better overall performance with low power consumption. Longer communication distance and better life time shall be realized.

=== Outline of proposed work ===
* Battery Test
* Building Hybrid Power RFID Sensor Tags

=== Project Approach ===
==== Original WISP performance ====
[[File:WISPDV.png]]

* The WISP 4.1 DL communication and error rates as a function of RF attenuation and calculate distance.

==== Block Diagram ====
* Origianl WISP
[[File:Original.png]]

The original WISP design block diagram with no battery.

* Proposed Design
[[File:New.png]]

The above is our proposed design with Battery Management Unit (BMU). The external battery would be automatically charged and discharged under different distance between the RFID reader and the WISP corresponding to the output voltage from the power harvester.

==== Approach Description ====
As the WISP works under ultralow current (250uA), thus there will be a great possibility that the added Battery Management Unit (BMU) would absorb most of the current and kill the rest of the system normal operation. After struggling different design by our own, the EnerChip CC series with integrated power management finally become a sophisticated power solution as the heart of our design.

Here we provide two different ultimate designs block diagrams:

* Design 1

[[File:2Hard13.png]]

The EnerChip CC CBC 3105 with external battery or supercapacitor, a voltage detector, a traslator and a voltage regulator.

Note: By varying the R2 resistor to 360kohms when the R1 is 200kohms in order to lower the threshold voltage to 2.15V.

* Design 2

[[File:2Hard18.png]]

The EnerChip CC CBC 3105 with an external battery or supercapacitor, a voltage doubler, an analog switch, two voltage detectors and translators, and a voltage regulator.

Note: The BMU can automatically switch between three stages: when the voltage is between 2V and 2.5V, use the voltage doubler to boost up the incoming harvested voltage and turn off the additional 1V voltage detector; when the voltage is above 2.5V, turn off the voltage doubler and the 1V additional voltage detector; when it goes below 2V, turn on the 1V additional voltage detector.

This design tends to consume less power than the first design after the theoretical analysis and calculations.

==== Testing Scenario ====

Our testing environment consists of an RFID reader and a sensor tag which is the WISP. We hold the tag and see whether if could be identified. The RFID reader sends a query to the tag and the tag returns an answer generally containing identifying information through Radio transmissions. The RFID reader sends the identifying information to our host computer, where it can be incorporated into a database to track objects and guide the activities of man and machines or revealed in human-readable form.

[[File:RFIDoverview.JPG]]

=== Technical Merits ===
* Longer communication distance
* Better power utilization
* Good life time
* Functionalities fully remained
* Low cost
* Ultra-small size

=== Results and Outcomes ===
[[File:R.JPG]]

== Team ==
=== Group members ===
* Mr Yuchen Dong
* Mr Han Xue

=== Supervisors ===
* Dr Said Al-Sarawi
* Dr Damith Ranasinghe

=== Resources ===
* WISP 4.1 DL
* RFID Reader, Antenna
* Host Computer
* USB Key Debugger
* IAR Embedded Workbench

=== References ===
* [1] Intel Research Seattle, “WISP Wiki,” [Online] https://wisp.wikispaces.com (Accessed: 2 October 2014).
* [2] A. P. Sample et al., “Design of an RFID-Based Battery-Free Programmable Sensing Platform,” IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 57, no. 11, pp. 2608 2615, Nov. 2008.
* [3] Quick Introduction to RFID[Online], Available: http://www.polygait.calpoly.edu/tutorial.htm

Projects:2014S1-35 Human Activity Recognition to Support Independent Living

2014-10-25T08:29:16Z

A1635365: /* Resources */

This project aims to build a Hybrid Power RFID sensor tag which could renovate the way of tag-to-reader communications based on the Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform (WISP) 4.1 DL version developed by Intel Research Seattle.

== Project information ==
The holistic goal of the Human Activity Recognition to Support Independent Living project is to determine if the use of privacy preserving radio-frequency identification technology and wireless sensor technology to detect patient activities can form the basis for a technological solution to support independent living, specifically, build a Hybrid Power RFID sensor tag which could renovate the way of tag-to-reader communications based on the Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform (WISP) 4.1 DL version.

A WISP is generally a sensing and computing device that is powered and read by a standard off-the-shelf RFID reader [1].

Currently, there are three common approaches to provide power and tag-to-reader communications. The first one is the passive sensor tag, it receives all its operating power from an RFID reader. It is battery-free but with short wireless communication distance and the requirement of proximity to RFID reader is high [2]. The second one is the semi-passive sensor tag, it uses batteries to run the chip’s circuitry, but communicates by drawing power from the reader. The last one is the active sensor tag, it provides long wireless communication distance but in the expense of high cost and low lifetime since it requires one-time batteries to power for the tag and radio.

=== Project Aims ===
An enhanced version of the sensor tag is proposed.

The individual aim of this project is to formulate, design and build a Battery Management Unit (BMU) capable of charging/discharging under different circumstances and increase the communication distance of the tag. The BMU shall be smart to decide when to use the battery to power the WISP and be charged by the UHF reader.

It is supposed to combine all the advantages from the current three types of sensor tags and achieve better overall performance with low power consumption. Longer communication distance and better life time shall be realized.

=== Outline of proposed work ===
* Battery Test
* Building Hybrid Power RFID Sensor Tags

=== Project Approach ===
==== Original WISP performance ====
[[File:WISPDV.png]]

* The WISP 4.1 DL communication and error rates as a function of RF attenuation and calculate distance.

==== Block Diagram ====
* Origianl WISP
[[File:Original.png]]

The original WISP design block diagram with no battery.

* Proposed Design
[[File:New.png]]

The above is our proposed design with Battery Management Unit (BMU). The external battery would be automatically charged and discharged under different distance between the RFID reader and the WISP corresponding to the output voltage from the power harvester.

==== Approach Description ====
As the WISP works under ultralow current (250uA), thus there will be a great possibility that the added Battery Management Unit (BMU) would absorb most of the current and kill the rest of the system normal operation. After struggling different design by our own, the EnerChip CC series with integrated power management finally become a sophisticated power solution as the heart of our design.

Here we provide two different ultimate designs block diagrams:

* Design 1

[[File:2Hard13.png]]

The EnerChip CC CBC 3105 with external battery or supercapacitor, a voltage detector, a traslator and a voltage regulator.

Note: By varying the R2 resistor to 360kohms when the R1 is 200kohms in order to lower the threshold voltage to 2.15V.

* Design 2

[[File:2Hard18.png]]

The EnerChip CC CBC 3105 with an external battery or supercapacitor, a voltage doubler, an analog switch, two voltage detectors and translators, and a voltage regulator.

Note: The BMU can automatically switch between three stages: when the voltage is between 2V and 2.5V, use the voltage doubler to boost up the incoming harvested voltage and turn off the additional 1V voltage detector; when the voltage is above 2.5V, turn off the voltage doubler and the 1V additional voltage detector; when it goes below 2V, turn on the 1V additional voltage detector.

This design tends to consume less power than the first design after the theoretical analysis and calculations.

==== Testing Scenario ====

Our testing environment consists of an RFID reader and a sensor tag which is the WISP. We hold the tag and see whether if could be identified. The RFID reader sends a query to the tag and the tag returns an answer generally containing identifying information through Radio transmissions. The RFID reader sends the identifying information to our host computer, where it can be incorporated into a database to track objects and guide the activities of man and machines or revealed in human-readable form.

[[File:RFIDoverview.JPG]]

=== Technical Merits ===
* Longer communication distance
* Better power utilization
* Good life time
* Functionalities fully remained
* Low cost
* Ultra-small size

=== Design Performance ===
[[File:R.JPG]]

== Team ==
=== Group members ===
* Mr Yuchen Dong
* Mr Han Xue

=== Supervisors ===
* Dr Said Al-Sarawi
* Dr Damith Ranasinghe

=== Resources ===
* WISP 4.1 DL
* RFID Reader, Antenna
* Host Computer
* USB Key Debugger
* IAR Embedded Workbench

=== References ===
* [1] Intel Research Seattle, “WISP Wiki,” [Online] https://wisp.wikispaces.com (Accessed: 2 October 2014).
* [2] A. P. Sample et al., “Design of an RFID-Based Battery-Free Programmable Sensing Platform,” IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 57, no. 11, pp. 2608 2615, Nov. 2008.
* [3] Quick Introduction to RFID[Online], Available: http://www.polygait.calpoly.edu/tutorial.htm

Projects:2014S1-35 Human Activity Recognition to Support Independent Living

2014-10-25T07:51:21Z

A1635365: /* Original WISP performance */

This project aims to build a Hybrid Power RFID sensor tag which could renovate the way of tag-to-reader communications based on the Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform (WISP) 4.1 DL version developed by Intel Research Seattle.

== Project information ==
The holistic goal of the Human Activity Recognition to Support Independent Living project is to determine if the use of privacy preserving radio-frequency identification technology and wireless sensor technology to detect patient activities can form the basis for a technological solution to support independent living, specifically, build a Hybrid Power RFID sensor tag which could renovate the way of tag-to-reader communications based on the Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform (WISP) 4.1 DL version.

A WISP is generally a sensing and computing device that is powered and read by a standard off-the-shelf RFID reader [1].

Currently, there are three common approaches to provide power and tag-to-reader communications. The first one is the passive sensor tag, it receives all its operating power from an RFID reader. It is battery-free but with short wireless communication distance and the requirement of proximity to RFID reader is high [2]. The second one is the semi-passive sensor tag, it uses batteries to run the chip’s circuitry, but communicates by drawing power from the reader. The last one is the active sensor tag, it provides long wireless communication distance but in the expense of high cost and low lifetime since it requires one-time batteries to power for the tag and radio.

=== Project Aims ===
An enhanced version of the sensor tag is proposed.

The individual aim of this project is to formulate, design and build a Battery Management Unit (BMU) capable of charging/discharging under different circumstances and increase the communication distance of the tag. The BMU shall be smart to decide when to use the battery to power the WISP and be charged by the UHF reader.

It is supposed to combine all the advantages from the current three types of sensor tags and achieve better overall performance with low power consumption. Longer communication distance and better life time shall be realized.

=== Outline of proposed work ===
* Battery Test
* Building Hybrid Power RFID Sensor Tags

=== Project Approach ===
==== Original WISP performance ====
[[File:WISPDV.png]]

* The WISP 4.1 DL communication and error rates as a function of RF attenuation and calculate distance.

==== Block Diagram ====
* Origianl WISP
[[File:Original.png]]

The original WISP design block diagram with no battery.

* Proposed Design
[[File:New.png]]

The above is our proposed design with Battery Management Unit (BMU). The external battery would be automatically charged and discharged under different distance between the RFID reader and the WISP corresponding to the output voltage from the power harvester.

==== Approach Description ====
As the WISP works under ultralow current (250uA), thus there will be a great possibility that the added Battery Management Unit (BMU) would absorb most of the current and kill the rest of the system normal operation. After struggling different design by our own, the EnerChip CC series with integrated power management finally become a sophisticated power solution as the heart of our design.

Here we provide two different ultimate designs block diagrams:

* Design 1

[[File:2Hard13.png]]

The EnerChip CC CBC 3105 with external battery or supercapacitor, a voltage detector, a traslator and a voltage regulator.

Note: By varying the R2 resistor to 360kohms when the R1 is 200kohms in order to lower the threshold voltage to 2.15V.

* Design 2

[[File:2Hard18.png]]

The EnerChip CC CBC 3105 with an external battery or supercapacitor, a voltage doubler, an analog switch, two voltage detectors and translators, and a voltage regulator.

Note: The BMU can automatically switch between three stages: when the voltage is between 2V and 2.5V, use the voltage doubler to boost up the incoming harvested voltage and turn off the additional 1V voltage detector; when the voltage is above 2.5V, turn off the voltage doubler and the 1V additional voltage detector; when it goes below 2V, turn on the 1V additional voltage detector.

This design tends to consume less power than the first design after the theoretical analysis and calculations.

==== Testing Scenario ====

Our testing environment consists of an RFID reader and a sensor tag which is the WISP. We hold the tag and see whether if could be identified. The RFID reader sends a query to the tag and the tag returns an answer generally containing identifying information through Radio transmissions. The RFID reader sends the identifying information to our host computer, where it can be incorporated into a database to track objects and guide the activities of man and machines or revealed in human-readable form.

[[File:RFIDoverview.JPG]]

=== Technical Merits ===
* Longer communication distance
* Better power utilization
* Good life time
* Functionalities fully remained
* Low cost
* Ultra-small size

=== Design Performance ===
[[File:R.JPG]]

== Team ==
=== Group members ===
* Mr Yuchen Dong
* Mr Han Xue

=== Supervisors ===
* Dr Said Al-Sarawi
* Dr Damith Ranasinghe

=== Resources ===
* USB Key Debugger
* RFID Reader, Antenna
* Standard PC

=== References ===
* [1] Intel Research Seattle, “WISP Wiki,” [Online] https://wisp.wikispaces.com (Accessed: 2 October 2014).
* [2] A. P. Sample et al., “Design of an RFID-Based Battery-Free Programmable Sensing Platform,” IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 57, no. 11, pp. 2608 2615, Nov. 2008.
* [3] Quick Introduction to RFID[Online], Available: http://www.polygait.calpoly.edu/tutorial.htm

Projects:2014S1-35 Human Activity Recognition to Support Independent Living

2014-10-25T07:49:11Z

A1635365: /* Outline of proposed work */

This project aims to build a Hybrid Power RFID sensor tag which could renovate the way of tag-to-reader communications based on the Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform (WISP) 4.1 DL version developed by Intel Research Seattle.

== Project information ==
The holistic goal of the Human Activity Recognition to Support Independent Living project is to determine if the use of privacy preserving radio-frequency identification technology and wireless sensor technology to detect patient activities can form the basis for a technological solution to support independent living, specifically, build a Hybrid Power RFID sensor tag which could renovate the way of tag-to-reader communications based on the Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform (WISP) 4.1 DL version.

A WISP is generally a sensing and computing device that is powered and read by a standard off-the-shelf RFID reader [1].

Currently, there are three common approaches to provide power and tag-to-reader communications. The first one is the passive sensor tag, it receives all its operating power from an RFID reader. It is battery-free but with short wireless communication distance and the requirement of proximity to RFID reader is high [2]. The second one is the semi-passive sensor tag, it uses batteries to run the chip’s circuitry, but communicates by drawing power from the reader. The last one is the active sensor tag, it provides long wireless communication distance but in the expense of high cost and low lifetime since it requires one-time batteries to power for the tag and radio.

=== Project Aims ===
An enhanced version of the sensor tag is proposed.

The individual aim of this project is to formulate, design and build a Battery Management Unit (BMU) capable of charging/discharging under different circumstances and increase the communication distance of the tag. The BMU shall be smart to decide when to use the battery to power the WISP and be charged by the UHF reader.

It is supposed to combine all the advantages from the current three types of sensor tags and achieve better overall performance with low power consumption. Longer communication distance and better life time shall be realized.

=== Outline of proposed work ===
* Battery Test
* Building Hybrid Power RFID Sensor Tags

=== Project Approach ===
==== Original WISP performance ====
[[File:WISPDV.png]]

* The WISP communication and error rates as a function of RF attenuation and calculate distance.

==== Block Diagram ====
* Origianl WISP
[[File:Original.png]]

The original WISP design block diagram with no battery.

* Proposed Design
[[File:New.png]]

The above is our proposed design with Battery Management Unit (BMU). The external battery would be automatically charged and discharged under different distance between the RFID reader and the WISP corresponding to the output voltage from the power harvester.

==== Approach Description ====
As the WISP works under ultralow current (250uA), thus there will be a great possibility that the added Battery Management Unit (BMU) would absorb most of the current and kill the rest of the system normal operation. After struggling different design by our own, the EnerChip CC series with integrated power management finally become a sophisticated power solution as the heart of our design.

Here we provide two different ultimate designs block diagrams:

* Design 1

[[File:2Hard13.png]]

The EnerChip CC CBC 3105 with external battery or supercapacitor, a voltage detector, a traslator and a voltage regulator.

Note: By varying the R2 resistor to 360kohms when the R1 is 200kohms in order to lower the threshold voltage to 2.15V.

* Design 2

[[File:2Hard18.png]]

The EnerChip CC CBC 3105 with an external battery or supercapacitor, a voltage doubler, an analog switch, two voltage detectors and translators, and a voltage regulator.

Note: The BMU can automatically switch between three stages: when the voltage is between 2V and 2.5V, use the voltage doubler to boost up the incoming harvested voltage and turn off the additional 1V voltage detector; when the voltage is above 2.5V, turn off the voltage doubler and the 1V additional voltage detector; when it goes below 2V, turn on the 1V additional voltage detector.

This design tends to consume less power than the first design after the theoretical analysis and calculations.

==== Testing Scenario ====

Our testing environment consists of an RFID reader and a sensor tag which is the WISP. We hold the tag and see whether if could be identified. The RFID reader sends a query to the tag and the tag returns an answer generally containing identifying information through Radio transmissions. The RFID reader sends the identifying information to our host computer, where it can be incorporated into a database to track objects and guide the activities of man and machines or revealed in human-readable form.

[[File:RFIDoverview.JPG]]

=== Technical Merits ===
* Longer communication distance
* Better power utilization
* Good life time
* Functionalities fully remained
* Low cost
* Ultra-small size

=== Design Performance ===
[[File:R.JPG]]

== Team ==
=== Group members ===
* Mr Yuchen Dong
* Mr Han Xue

=== Supervisors ===
* Dr Said Al-Sarawi
* Dr Damith Ranasinghe

=== Resources ===
* USB Key Debugger
* RFID Reader, Antenna
* Standard PC

=== References ===
* [1] Intel Research Seattle, “WISP Wiki,” [Online] https://wisp.wikispaces.com (Accessed: 2 October 2014).
* [2] A. P. Sample et al., “Design of an RFID-Based Battery-Free Programmable Sensing Platform,” IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 57, no. 11, pp. 2608 2615, Nov. 2008.
* [3] Quick Introduction to RFID[Online], Available: http://www.polygait.calpoly.edu/tutorial.htm

Projects:2014S1-35 Human Activity Recognition to Support Independent Living

2014-10-25T07:48:49Z

A1635365: /* Project information */

This project aims to build a Hybrid Power RFID sensor tag which could renovate the way of tag-to-reader communications based on the Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform (WISP) 4.1 DL version developed by Intel Research Seattle.

== Project information ==
The holistic goal of the Human Activity Recognition to Support Independent Living project is to determine if the use of privacy preserving radio-frequency identification technology and wireless sensor technology to detect patient activities can form the basis for a technological solution to support independent living, specifically, build a Hybrid Power RFID sensor tag which could renovate the way of tag-to-reader communications based on the Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform (WISP) 4.1 DL version.

A WISP is generally a sensing and computing device that is powered and read by a standard off-the-shelf RFID reader [1].

Currently, there are three common approaches to provide power and tag-to-reader communications. The first one is the passive sensor tag, it receives all its operating power from an RFID reader. It is battery-free but with short wireless communication distance and the requirement of proximity to RFID reader is high [2]. The second one is the semi-passive sensor tag, it uses batteries to run the chip’s circuitry, but communicates by drawing power from the reader. The last one is the active sensor tag, it provides long wireless communication distance but in the expense of high cost and low lifetime since it requires one-time batteries to power for the tag and radio.

=== Project Aims ===
An enhanced version of the sensor tag is proposed.

The individual aim of this project is to formulate, design and build a Battery Management Unit (BMU) capable of charging/discharging under different circumstances and increase the communication distance of the tag. The BMU shall be smart to decide when to use the battery to power the WISP and be charged by the UHF reader.

It is supposed to combine all the advantages from the current three types of sensor tags and achieve better overall performance with low power consumption. Longer communication distance and better life time shall be realized.

=== Outline of proposed work ===
* Battery Test
* Building Hybrid RFID Sensor Tags

=== Project Approach ===
==== Original WISP performance ====
[[File:WISPDV.png]]

* The WISP communication and error rates as a function of RF attenuation and calculate distance.

==== Block Diagram ====
* Origianl WISP
[[File:Original.png]]

The original WISP design block diagram with no battery.

* Proposed Design
[[File:New.png]]

The above is our proposed design with Battery Management Unit (BMU). The external battery would be automatically charged and discharged under different distance between the RFID reader and the WISP corresponding to the output voltage from the power harvester.

==== Approach Description ====
As the WISP works under ultralow current (250uA), thus there will be a great possibility that the added Battery Management Unit (BMU) would absorb most of the current and kill the rest of the system normal operation. After struggling different design by our own, the EnerChip CC series with integrated power management finally become a sophisticated power solution as the heart of our design.

Here we provide two different ultimate designs block diagrams:

* Design 1

[[File:2Hard13.png]]

The EnerChip CC CBC 3105 with external battery or supercapacitor, a voltage detector, a traslator and a voltage regulator.

Note: By varying the R2 resistor to 360kohms when the R1 is 200kohms in order to lower the threshold voltage to 2.15V.

* Design 2

[[File:2Hard18.png]]

The EnerChip CC CBC 3105 with an external battery or supercapacitor, a voltage doubler, an analog switch, two voltage detectors and translators, and a voltage regulator.

Note: The BMU can automatically switch between three stages: when the voltage is between 2V and 2.5V, use the voltage doubler to boost up the incoming harvested voltage and turn off the additional 1V voltage detector; when the voltage is above 2.5V, turn off the voltage doubler and the 1V additional voltage detector; when it goes below 2V, turn on the 1V additional voltage detector.

This design tends to consume less power than the first design after the theoretical analysis and calculations.

==== Testing Scenario ====

Our testing environment consists of an RFID reader and a sensor tag which is the WISP. We hold the tag and see whether if could be identified. The RFID reader sends a query to the tag and the tag returns an answer generally containing identifying information through Radio transmissions. The RFID reader sends the identifying information to our host computer, where it can be incorporated into a database to track objects and guide the activities of man and machines or revealed in human-readable form.

[[File:RFIDoverview.JPG]]

=== Technical Merits ===
* Longer communication distance
* Better power utilization
* Good life time
* Functionalities fully remained
* Low cost
* Ultra-small size

=== Design Performance ===
[[File:R.JPG]]

== Team ==
=== Group members ===
* Mr Yuchen Dong
* Mr Han Xue

=== Supervisors ===
* Dr Said Al-Sarawi
* Dr Damith Ranasinghe

=== Resources ===
* USB Key Debugger
* RFID Reader, Antenna
* Standard PC

=== References ===
* [1] Intel Research Seattle, “WISP Wiki,” [Online] https://wisp.wikispaces.com (Accessed: 2 October 2014).
* [2] A. P. Sample et al., “Design of an RFID-Based Battery-Free Programmable Sensing Platform,” IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 57, no. 11, pp. 2608 2615, Nov. 2008.
* [3] Quick Introduction to RFID[Online], Available: http://www.polygait.calpoly.edu/tutorial.htm

Projects:2014S1-35 Human Activity Recognition to Support Independent Living

2014-10-25T07:41:41Z

A1635365: /* Project information */

This project aims to build a Hybrid Power RFID sensor tag which could renovate the way of tag-to-reader communications based on the Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform (WISP) 4.1 DL version developed by Intel Research Seattle.

== Project information ==
The holistic goal of the Human Activity Recognition to Support Independent Living project is to determine if the use of privacy preserving radio-frequency identification technology and wireless sensor technology to detect patient activities can form the basis for a technological solution to support independent living, specifically, build a hybrid power RFID sensor tag which could renovate the way of tag-to-reader communications based on the Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform (WISP) 4.1 DL version.

A WISP is generally a sensing and computing device that is powered and read by a standard off-the-shelf RFID reader [1].

Currently, there are three common approaches to provide power and tag-to-reader communications. The first one is the passive sensor tag, it receives all its operating power from an RFID reader. It is battery-free but with short wireless communication distance and the requirement of proximity to RFID reader is high [2]. The second one is the semi-passive sensor tag, it uses batteries to run the chip’s circuitry, but communicates by drawing power from the reader. The last one is the active sensor tag, it provides long wireless communication distance but in the expense of high cost and low lifetime since it requires one-time batteries to power for the tag and radio.

=== Project Aims ===
An enhanced version of the sensor tag is proposed.

The individual aim of this project is to formulate, design and build a Battery Management Unit (BMU) capable of charging/discharging under different circumstances and increase the communication distance of the tag. The BMU shall be smart to decide when to use the battery to power the WISP and be charged by the UHF reader.

It is supposed to combine all the advantages from the current three types of sensor tags and achieve better overall performance with low power consumption. Longer communication distance and better life time shall be realized.

=== Outline of proposed work ===
* Battery Test
* Building Hybrid RFID Sensor Tags

=== Project Approach ===
==== Original WISP performance ====
[[File:WISPDV.png]]

* The WISP communication and error rates as a function of RF attenuation and calculate distance.

==== Block Diagram ====
* Origianl WISP
[[File:Original.png]]

The original WISP design block diagram with no battery.

* Proposed Design
[[File:New.png]]

The above is our proposed design with Battery Management Unit (BMU). The external battery would be automatically charged and discharged under different distance between the RFID reader and the WISP corresponding to the output voltage from the power harvester.

==== Approach Description ====
As the WISP works under ultralow current (250uA), thus there will be a great possibility that the added Battery Management Unit (BMU) would absorb most of the current and kill the rest of the system normal operation. After struggling different design by our own, the EnerChip CC series with integrated power management finally become a sophisticated power solution as the heart of our design.

Here we provide two different ultimate designs block diagrams:

* Design 1

[[File:2Hard13.png]]

The EnerChip CC CBC 3105 with external battery or supercapacitor, a voltage detector, a traslator and a voltage regulator.

Note: By varying the R2 resistor to 360kohms when the R1 is 200kohms in order to lower the threshold voltage to 2.15V.

* Design 2

[[File:2Hard18.png]]

The EnerChip CC CBC 3105 with an external battery or supercapacitor, a voltage doubler, an analog switch, two voltage detectors and translators, and a voltage regulator.

Note: The BMU can automatically switch between three stages: when the voltage is between 2V and 2.5V, use the voltage doubler to boost up the incoming harvested voltage and turn off the additional 1V voltage detector; when the voltage is above 2.5V, turn off the voltage doubler and the 1V additional voltage detector; when it goes below 2V, turn on the 1V additional voltage detector.

This design tends to consume less power than the first design after the theoretical analysis and calculations.

==== Testing Scenario ====

Our testing environment consists of an RFID reader and a sensor tag which is the WISP. We hold the tag and see whether if could be identified. The RFID reader sends a query to the tag and the tag returns an answer generally containing identifying information through Radio transmissions. The RFID reader sends the identifying information to our host computer, where it can be incorporated into a database to track objects and guide the activities of man and machines or revealed in human-readable form.

[[File:RFIDoverview.JPG]]

=== Technical Merits ===
* Longer communication distance
* Better power utilization
* Good life time
* Functionalities fully remained
* Low cost
* Ultra-small size

=== Design Performance ===
[[File:R.JPG]]

== Team ==
=== Group members ===
* Mr Yuchen Dong
* Mr Han Xue

=== Supervisors ===
* Dr Said Al-Sarawi
* Dr Damith Ranasinghe

=== Resources ===
* USB Key Debugger
* RFID Reader, Antenna
* Standard PC

=== References ===
* [1] Intel Research Seattle, “WISP Wiki,” [Online] https://wisp.wikispaces.com (Accessed: 2 October 2014).
* [2] A. P. Sample et al., “Design of an RFID-Based Battery-Free Programmable Sensing Platform,” IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 57, no. 11, pp. 2608 2615, Nov. 2008.
* [3] Quick Introduction to RFID[Online], Available: http://www.polygait.calpoly.edu/tutorial.htm

File:R.JPG

2014-10-25T07:35:57Z

A1635365: A1635365 uploaded a new version of "File:R.JPG"

File:R.JPG

2014-10-25T07:34:29Z

A1635365: A1635365 uploaded a new version of "File:R.JPG"

Projects:2014S1-35 Human Activity Recognition to Support Independent Living

2014-10-25T07:31:47Z

A1635365: /* Design Performance */

This project aims to build a Hybrid Power RFID sensor tag which could renovate the way of tag-to-reader communications based on the Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform (WISP) 4.1 DL version developed by Intel Research Seattle.

== Project information ==
The holistic goal of the Human Activity Recognition to Support Independent Living project is to determine if the use of privacy preserving radio-frequency identification technology and wireless sensor technology to detect patient activities can form the basis for a technological solution to support independent living, specifically, build a hybrid-semi-passive sensor tag which could renovate the way of tag-to-reader communications based on the Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform (WISP) 4.1 DL version.

A WISP is generally a sensing and computing device that is powered and read by a standard off-the-shelf RFID reader [1].

Currently, there are three common approaches to provide power and tag-to-reader communications. The first one is the passive sensor tag, it receives all its operating power from an RFID reader. It is battery-free but with short wireless communication distance and the requirement of proximity to RFID reader is high [2]. The second one is the semi-passive sensor tag, it uses batteries to run the chip’s circuitry, but communicates by drawing power from the reader. The last one is the active sensor tag, it provides long wireless communication distance but in the expense of high cost and low lifetime since it requires one-time batteries to power for the tag and radio.

=== Project Aims ===
An enhanced version of the sensor tag is proposed.

The individual aim of this project is to formulate, design and build a Battery Management Unit (BMU) capable of charging/discharging under different circumstances. The BMU shall be smart to decide when to use the battery to power the WISP and be charged by the UHF reader.

It is supposed to combine all the advantages from the current three types of sensor tags and achieve better overall performance with low power consumption. Longer communication distance and better life time shall be realized.

=== Outline of proposed work ===
* Battery Test
* Building Hybrid RFID Sensor Tags

=== Project Approach ===
==== Original WISP performance ====
[[File:WISPDV.png]]

* The WISP communication and error rates as a function of RF attenuation and calculate distance.

==== Block Diagram ====
* Origianl WISP
[[File:Original.png]]

The original WISP design block diagram with no battery.

* Proposed Design
[[File:New.png]]

Our proposed design with Battery Management Unit (BMU). The external battery would be automatically charged and discharged under different distance between the RFID reader and the WISP corresponding to the output voltage.

==== Approach Description ====
As the WISP works under ultralow current (250uA), thus there will be a great possibility that the added Battery Management Unit (BMU) would absorb most of the current and kill the rest of the system normal operation. After struggling different design by our own, the EnerChip CC series with integrated power management finally become a sophisticated power solution as the heart of our design.
Here we provide two different ultimate designs block diagrams:

* Design 1

[[File:2Hard13.png]]

The EnerChip CC CBC 3105 with external battery or supercapacitor, a voltage detector, a traslator and a voltage regulator.

Note: By varying the R2 resistor to 360kohms when the R1 is 200kohms in order to lower the threshold voltage to 2.15V.

* Design 2

[[File:2Hard18.png]]

The EnerChip CC CBC 3105 with an external battery or supercapacitor, a voltage doubler, an analog switch, two voltage detectors and translators, and a voltage regulator.

Note: The BMU can automatically switch between three stages: when the voltage is between 2V and 2.5V, use the voltage doubler to boost up the incoming harvested voltage and turn off the additional 1V voltage detector; when the voltage is above 2.5V, turn off the voltage doubler and the 1V additional voltage detector; when it goes below 2V, turn on the 1V additional voltage detector.

This design tends to consume less power than the first design after the theoretical analysis and calculations.

==== Testing Scenario ====

Our testing environment consists of an RFID reader and a sensor tag which is the WISP. We hold the tag and see whether if could be identified. The RFID reader sends a query to the tag and the tag returns an answer generally containing identifying information through Radio transmissions. The RFID reader sends the identifying information to our host computer, where it can be incorporated into a database to track objects and guide the activities of man and machines or revealed in human-readable form.

[[File:RFIDoverview.JPG]]

=== Technical Merits ===
* Longer communication distance
* Better power utilization
* Good life time
* Functionalities fully remained
* Low cost
* Ultra-small size

=== Design Performance ===
[[File:R.JPG]]

== Team ==
=== Group members ===
* Mr Yuchen Dong
* Mr Han Xue

=== Supervisors ===
* Dr Said Al-Sarawi
* Dr Damith Ranasinghe

=== Resources ===
* USB Key Debugger
* RFID Reader, Antenna
* Standard PC

=== References ===
* [1] Intel Research Seattle, “WISP Wiki,” [Online] https://wisp.wikispaces.com (Accessed: 2 October 2014).
* [2] A. P. Sample et al., “Design of an RFID-Based Battery-Free Programmable Sensing Platform,” IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 57, no. 11, pp. 2608 2615, Nov. 2008.
* [3] Quick Introduction to RFID[Online], Available: http://www.polygait.calpoly.edu/tutorial.htm

Projects:2014S1-35 Human Activity Recognition to Support Independent Living

2014-10-25T07:30:49Z

A1635365: /* Design Performance */

This project aims to build a Hybrid Power RFID sensor tag which could renovate the way of tag-to-reader communications based on the Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform (WISP) 4.1 DL version developed by Intel Research Seattle.

== Project information ==
The holistic goal of the Human Activity Recognition to Support Independent Living project is to determine if the use of privacy preserving radio-frequency identification technology and wireless sensor technology to detect patient activities can form the basis for a technological solution to support independent living, specifically, build a hybrid-semi-passive sensor tag which could renovate the way of tag-to-reader communications based on the Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform (WISP) 4.1 DL version.

A WISP is generally a sensing and computing device that is powered and read by a standard off-the-shelf RFID reader [1].

Currently, there are three common approaches to provide power and tag-to-reader communications. The first one is the passive sensor tag, it receives all its operating power from an RFID reader. It is battery-free but with short wireless communication distance and the requirement of proximity to RFID reader is high [2]. The second one is the semi-passive sensor tag, it uses batteries to run the chip’s circuitry, but communicates by drawing power from the reader. The last one is the active sensor tag, it provides long wireless communication distance but in the expense of high cost and low lifetime since it requires one-time batteries to power for the tag and radio.

=== Project Aims ===
An enhanced version of the sensor tag is proposed.

The individual aim of this project is to formulate, design and build a Battery Management Unit (BMU) capable of charging/discharging under different circumstances. The BMU shall be smart to decide when to use the battery to power the WISP and be charged by the UHF reader.

It is supposed to combine all the advantages from the current three types of sensor tags and achieve better overall performance with low power consumption. Longer communication distance and better life time shall be realized.

=== Outline of proposed work ===
* Battery Test
* Building Hybrid RFID Sensor Tags

=== Project Approach ===
==== Original WISP performance ====
[[File:WISPDV.png]]

* The WISP communication and error rates as a function of RF attenuation and calculate distance.

==== Block Diagram ====
* Origianl WISP
[[File:Original.png]]

The original WISP design block diagram with no battery.

* Proposed Design
[[File:New.png]]

Our proposed design with Battery Management Unit (BMU). The external battery would be automatically charged and discharged under different distance between the RFID reader and the WISP corresponding to the output voltage.

==== Approach Description ====
As the WISP works under ultralow current (250uA), thus there will be a great possibility that the added Battery Management Unit (BMU) would absorb most of the current and kill the rest of the system normal operation. After struggling different design by our own, the EnerChip CC series with integrated power management finally become a sophisticated power solution as the heart of our design.
Here we provide two different ultimate designs block diagrams:

* Design 1

[[File:2Hard13.png]]

The EnerChip CC CBC 3105 with external battery or supercapacitor, a voltage detector, a traslator and a voltage regulator.

Note: By varying the R2 resistor to 360kohms when the R1 is 200kohms in order to lower the threshold voltage to 2.15V.

* Design 2

[[File:2Hard18.png]]

The EnerChip CC CBC 3105 with an external battery or supercapacitor, a voltage doubler, an analog switch, two voltage detectors and translators, and a voltage regulator.

Note: The BMU can automatically switch between three stages: when the voltage is between 2V and 2.5V, use the voltage doubler to boost up the incoming harvested voltage and turn off the additional 1V voltage detector; when the voltage is above 2.5V, turn off the voltage doubler and the 1V additional voltage detector; when it goes below 2V, turn on the 1V additional voltage detector.

This design tends to consume less power than the first design after the theoretical analysis and calculations.

==== Testing Scenario ====

Our testing environment consists of an RFID reader and a sensor tag which is the WISP. We hold the tag and see whether if could be identified. The RFID reader sends a query to the tag and the tag returns an answer generally containing identifying information through Radio transmissions. The RFID reader sends the identifying information to our host computer, where it can be incorporated into a database to track objects and guide the activities of man and machines or revealed in human-readable form.

[[File:RFIDoverview.JPG]]

=== Technical Merits ===
* Longer communication distance
* Better power utilization
* Good life time
* Functionalities fully remained
* Low cost
* Ultra-small size

=== Design Performance ===
[[File:R.jpg]]

== Team ==
=== Group members ===
* Mr Yuchen Dong
* Mr Han Xue

=== Supervisors ===
* Dr Said Al-Sarawi
* Dr Damith Ranasinghe

=== Resources ===
* USB Key Debugger
* RFID Reader, Antenna
* Standard PC

=== References ===
* [1] Intel Research Seattle, “WISP Wiki,” [Online] https://wisp.wikispaces.com (Accessed: 2 October 2014).
* [2] A. P. Sample et al., “Design of an RFID-Based Battery-Free Programmable Sensing Platform,” IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 57, no. 11, pp. 2608 2615, Nov. 2008.
* [3] Quick Introduction to RFID[Online], Available: http://www.polygait.calpoly.edu/tutorial.htm

File:R.JPG

2014-10-25T07:29:15Z

A1635365:

Projects:2014S1-35 Human Activity Recognition to Support Independent Living

2014-10-25T07:23:08Z

A1635365: /* Approach Description */

This project aims to build a Hybrid Power RFID sensor tag which could renovate the way of tag-to-reader communications based on the Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform (WISP) 4.1 DL version developed by Intel Research Seattle.

== Project information ==
The holistic goal of the Human Activity Recognition to Support Independent Living project is to determine if the use of privacy preserving radio-frequency identification technology and wireless sensor technology to detect patient activities can form the basis for a technological solution to support independent living, specifically, build a hybrid-semi-passive sensor tag which could renovate the way of tag-to-reader communications based on the Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform (WISP) 4.1 DL version.

A WISP is generally a sensing and computing device that is powered and read by a standard off-the-shelf RFID reader [1].

Currently, there are three common approaches to provide power and tag-to-reader communications. The first one is the passive sensor tag, it receives all its operating power from an RFID reader. It is battery-free but with short wireless communication distance and the requirement of proximity to RFID reader is high [2]. The second one is the semi-passive sensor tag, it uses batteries to run the chip’s circuitry, but communicates by drawing power from the reader. The last one is the active sensor tag, it provides long wireless communication distance but in the expense of high cost and low lifetime since it requires one-time batteries to power for the tag and radio.

=== Project Aims ===
An enhanced version of the sensor tag is proposed.

The individual aim of this project is to formulate, design and build a Battery Management Unit (BMU) capable of charging/discharging under different circumstances. The BMU shall be smart to decide when to use the battery to power the WISP and be charged by the UHF reader.

It is supposed to combine all the advantages from the current three types of sensor tags and achieve better overall performance with low power consumption. Longer communication distance and better life time shall be realized.

=== Outline of proposed work ===
* Battery Test
* Building Hybrid RFID Sensor Tags

=== Project Approach ===
==== Original WISP performance ====
[[File:WISPDV.png]]

* The WISP communication and error rates as a function of RF attenuation and calculate distance.

==== Block Diagram ====
* Origianl WISP
[[File:Original.png]]

The original WISP design block diagram with no battery.

* Proposed Design
[[File:New.png]]

Our proposed design with Battery Management Unit (BMU). The external battery would be automatically charged and discharged under different distance between the RFID reader and the WISP corresponding to the output voltage.

==== Approach Description ====
As the WISP works under ultralow current (250uA), thus there will be a great possibility that the added Battery Management Unit (BMU) would absorb most of the current and kill the rest of the system normal operation. After struggling different design by our own, the EnerChip CC series with integrated power management finally become a sophisticated power solution as the heart of our design.
Here we provide two different ultimate designs block diagrams:

* Design 1

[[File:2Hard13.png]]

The EnerChip CC CBC 3105 with external battery or supercapacitor, a voltage detector, a traslator and a voltage regulator.

Note: By varying the R2 resistor to 360kohms when the R1 is 200kohms in order to lower the threshold voltage to 2.15V.

* Design 2

[[File:2Hard18.png]]

The EnerChip CC CBC 3105 with an external battery or supercapacitor, a voltage doubler, an analog switch, two voltage detectors and translators, and a voltage regulator.

Note: The BMU can automatically switch between three stages: when the voltage is between 2V and 2.5V, use the voltage doubler to boost up the incoming harvested voltage and turn off the additional 1V voltage detector; when the voltage is above 2.5V, turn off the voltage doubler and the 1V additional voltage detector; when it goes below 2V, turn on the 1V additional voltage detector.

This design tends to consume less power than the first design after the theoretical analysis and calculations.

==== Testing Scenario ====

Our testing environment consists of an RFID reader and a sensor tag which is the WISP. We hold the tag and see whether if could be identified. The RFID reader sends a query to the tag and the tag returns an answer generally containing identifying information through Radio transmissions. The RFID reader sends the identifying information to our host computer, where it can be incorporated into a database to track objects and guide the activities of man and machines or revealed in human-readable form.

[[File:RFIDoverview.JPG]]

=== Technical Merits ===
* Longer communication distance
* Better power utilization
* Good life time
* Functionalities fully remained
* Low cost
* Ultra-small size

=== Design Performance ===
[[File:Result.png]]

== Team ==
=== Group members ===
* Mr Yuchen Dong
* Mr Han Xue

=== Supervisors ===
* Dr Said Al-Sarawi
* Dr Damith Ranasinghe

=== Resources ===
* USB Key Debugger
* RFID Reader, Antenna
* Standard PC

=== References ===
* [1] Intel Research Seattle, “WISP Wiki,” [Online] https://wisp.wikispaces.com (Accessed: 2 October 2014).
* [2] A. P. Sample et al., “Design of an RFID-Based Battery-Free Programmable Sensing Platform,” IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 57, no. 11, pp. 2608 2615, Nov. 2008.
* [3] Quick Introduction to RFID[Online], Available: http://www.polygait.calpoly.edu/tutorial.htm

Projects:2014S1-35 Human Activity Recognition to Support Independent Living

2014-10-25T07:06:14Z

A1635365: /* Approach Description */

This project aims to build a Hybrid Power RFID sensor tag which could renovate the way of tag-to-reader communications based on the Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform (WISP) 4.1 DL version developed by Intel Research Seattle.

== Project information ==
The holistic goal of the Human Activity Recognition to Support Independent Living project is to determine if the use of privacy preserving radio-frequency identification technology and wireless sensor technology to detect patient activities can form the basis for a technological solution to support independent living, specifically, build a hybrid-semi-passive sensor tag which could renovate the way of tag-to-reader communications based on the Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform (WISP) 4.1 DL version.

A WISP is generally a sensing and computing device that is powered and read by a standard off-the-shelf RFID reader [1].

Currently, there are three common approaches to provide power and tag-to-reader communications. The first one is the passive sensor tag, it receives all its operating power from an RFID reader. It is battery-free but with short wireless communication distance and the requirement of proximity to RFID reader is high [2]. The second one is the semi-passive sensor tag, it uses batteries to run the chip’s circuitry, but communicates by drawing power from the reader. The last one is the active sensor tag, it provides long wireless communication distance but in the expense of high cost and low lifetime since it requires one-time batteries to power for the tag and radio.

=== Project Aims ===
An enhanced version of the sensor tag is proposed.

The individual aim of this project is to formulate, design and build a Battery Management Unit (BMU) capable of charging/discharging under different circumstances. The BMU shall be smart to decide when to use the battery to power the WISP and be charged by the UHF reader.

It is supposed to combine all the advantages from the current three types of sensor tags and achieve better overall performance with low power consumption. Longer communication distance and better life time shall be realized.

=== Outline of proposed work ===
* Battery Test
* Building Hybrid RFID Sensor Tags

=== Project Approach ===
==== Original WISP performance ====
[[File:WISPDV.png]]

* The WISP communication and error rates as a function of RF attenuation and calculate distance.

==== Block Diagram ====
* Origianl WISP
[[File:Original.png]]

The original WISP design block diagram with no battery.

* Proposed Design
[[File:New.png]]

Our proposed design with Battery Management Unit (BMU). The external battery would be automatically charged and discharged under different distance between the RFID reader and the WISP corresponding to the output voltage.

==== Approach Description ====
As the WISP works under ultralow current(250uA), thus there will be a great possibility that the added Battery Management Unit (BMU) would absorb most of the current and kill the rest of the system normal operation. Therefore, the EnerChip CC series with integrated power management could be a sophisticated power solution as the heart of our design.
Here we provide three different ultimate designs block diagrams:

* Design 1

[[File:D1.png]]

The EnerChip CC CBC 3105 with external battery or supercapacitor, a voltage detector, a traslator and a voltage regulator.

Note: By varying the R2 resistor in order to lower the threshold voltage to 2.2V.

* Design 2

[[File:2Hard18.png]]

The EnerChip CC CBC 3105 with external battery or supercapacitor, charge pump, analog switch, two voltage detectors and traslators, and a voltage regulator.

Note: The BMU can automatically switch between different stages: when the voltage is between 2V and 2.5V, use the charge pump to boost up voltage and turn off the additional 1V voltage detector; when the voltage is above 2.5V, turn off the charge pump and the 1V additional voltage detector; when it goes below 2V, turn on the 1V additional voltage detector.

This could save some power consumption of the system at different conditions.

==== Testing Scenario ====

Our testing environment consists of an RFID reader and a sensor tag which is the WISP. We hold the tag and see whether if could be identified. The RFID reader sends a query to the tag and the tag returns an answer generally containing identifying information through Radio transmissions. The RFID reader sends the identifying information to our host computer, where it can be incorporated into a database to track objects and guide the activities of man and machines or revealed in human-readable form.

[[File:RFIDoverview.JPG]]

=== Technical Merits ===
* Longer communication distance
* Better power utilization
* Good life time
* Functionalities fully remained
* Low cost
* Ultra-small size

=== Design Performance ===
[[File:Result.png]]

== Team ==
=== Group members ===
* Mr Yuchen Dong
* Mr Han Xue

=== Supervisors ===
* Dr Said Al-Sarawi
* Dr Damith Ranasinghe

=== Resources ===
* USB Key Debugger
* RFID Reader, Antenna
* Standard PC

=== References ===
* [1] Intel Research Seattle, “WISP Wiki,” [Online] https://wisp.wikispaces.com (Accessed: 2 October 2014).
* [2] A. P. Sample et al., “Design of an RFID-Based Battery-Free Programmable Sensing Platform,” IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 57, no. 11, pp. 2608 2615, Nov. 2008.
* [3] Quick Introduction to RFID[Online], Available: http://www.polygait.calpoly.edu/tutorial.htm

File:2Hard18.png

2014-10-25T07:05:49Z

A1635365:

Projects:2014S1-35 Human Activity Recognition to Support Independent Living

2014-10-25T07:04:15Z

A1635365: /* Approach Description */

This project aims to build a Hybrid Power RFID sensor tag which could renovate the way of tag-to-reader communications based on the Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform (WISP) 4.1 DL version developed by Intel Research Seattle.

== Project information ==
The holistic goal of the Human Activity Recognition to Support Independent Living project is to determine if the use of privacy preserving radio-frequency identification technology and wireless sensor technology to detect patient activities can form the basis for a technological solution to support independent living, specifically, build a hybrid-semi-passive sensor tag which could renovate the way of tag-to-reader communications based on the Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform (WISP) 4.1 DL version.

A WISP is generally a sensing and computing device that is powered and read by a standard off-the-shelf RFID reader [1].

Currently, there are three common approaches to provide power and tag-to-reader communications. The first one is the passive sensor tag, it receives all its operating power from an RFID reader. It is battery-free but with short wireless communication distance and the requirement of proximity to RFID reader is high [2]. The second one is the semi-passive sensor tag, it uses batteries to run the chip’s circuitry, but communicates by drawing power from the reader. The last one is the active sensor tag, it provides long wireless communication distance but in the expense of high cost and low lifetime since it requires one-time batteries to power for the tag and radio.

=== Project Aims ===
An enhanced version of the sensor tag is proposed.

The individual aim of this project is to formulate, design and build a Battery Management Unit (BMU) capable of charging/discharging under different circumstances. The BMU shall be smart to decide when to use the battery to power the WISP and be charged by the UHF reader.

It is supposed to combine all the advantages from the current three types of sensor tags and achieve better overall performance with low power consumption. Longer communication distance and better life time shall be realized.

=== Outline of proposed work ===
* Battery Test
* Building Hybrid RFID Sensor Tags

=== Project Approach ===
==== Original WISP performance ====
[[File:WISPDV.png]]

* The WISP communication and error rates as a function of RF attenuation and calculate distance.

==== Block Diagram ====
* Origianl WISP
[[File:Original.png]]

The original WISP design block diagram with no battery.

* Proposed Design
[[File:New.png]]

Our proposed design with Battery Management Unit (BMU). The external battery would be automatically charged and discharged under different distance between the RFID reader and the WISP corresponding to the output voltage.

==== Approach Description ====
As the WISP works under ultralow current(250uA), thus there will be a great possibility that the added Battery Management Unit (BMU) would absorb most of the current and kill the rest of the system normal operation. Therefore, the EnerChip CC series with integrated power management could be a sophisticated power solution as the heart of our design.
Here we provide three different ultimate designs block diagrams:

* Design 1

[[File:D1.png]]

The EnerChip CC CBC 3105 with external battery or supercapacitor, a voltage detector, a traslator and a voltage regulator.

Note: By varying the R2 resistor in order to lower the threshold voltage to 2.2V.

* Design 2

[[File:2Hard13.png]]

The EnerChip CC CBC 3105 with external battery or supercapacitor, charge pump, analog switch, two voltage detectors and traslators, and a voltage regulator.

Note: The BMU can automatically switch between different stages: when the voltage is between 2V and 2.5V, use the charge pump to boost up voltage and turn off the additional 1V voltage detector; when the voltage is above 2.5V, turn off the charge pump and the 1V additional voltage detector; when it goes below 2V, turn on the 1V additional voltage detector.

This could save some power consumption of the system at different conditions.

==== Testing Scenario ====

Our testing environment consists of an RFID reader and a sensor tag which is the WISP. We hold the tag and see whether if could be identified. The RFID reader sends a query to the tag and the tag returns an answer generally containing identifying information through Radio transmissions. The RFID reader sends the identifying information to our host computer, where it can be incorporated into a database to track objects and guide the activities of man and machines or revealed in human-readable form.

[[File:RFIDoverview.JPG]]

=== Technical Merits ===
* Longer communication distance
* Better power utilization
* Good life time
* Functionalities fully remained
* Low cost
* Ultra-small size

=== Design Performance ===
[[File:Result.png]]

== Team ==
=== Group members ===
* Mr Yuchen Dong
* Mr Han Xue

=== Supervisors ===
* Dr Said Al-Sarawi
* Dr Damith Ranasinghe

=== Resources ===
* USB Key Debugger
* RFID Reader, Antenna
* Standard PC

=== References ===
* [1] Intel Research Seattle, “WISP Wiki,” [Online] https://wisp.wikispaces.com (Accessed: 2 October 2014).
* [2] A. P. Sample et al., “Design of an RFID-Based Battery-Free Programmable Sensing Platform,” IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 57, no. 11, pp. 2608 2615, Nov. 2008.
* [3] Quick Introduction to RFID[Online], Available: http://www.polygait.calpoly.edu/tutorial.htm

File:2Hard13.png

2014-10-25T07:02:59Z

A1635365:

Projects:2014S1-35 Human Activity Recognition to Support Independent Living

2014-10-25T07:01:52Z

A1635365: /* Approach Description */

This project aims to build a Hybrid Power RFID sensor tag which could renovate the way of tag-to-reader communications based on the Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform (WISP) 4.1 DL version developed by Intel Research Seattle.

== Project information ==
The holistic goal of the Human Activity Recognition to Support Independent Living project is to determine if the use of privacy preserving radio-frequency identification technology and wireless sensor technology to detect patient activities can form the basis for a technological solution to support independent living, specifically, build a hybrid-semi-passive sensor tag which could renovate the way of tag-to-reader communications based on the Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform (WISP) 4.1 DL version.

A WISP is generally a sensing and computing device that is powered and read by a standard off-the-shelf RFID reader [1].

Currently, there are three common approaches to provide power and tag-to-reader communications. The first one is the passive sensor tag, it receives all its operating power from an RFID reader. It is battery-free but with short wireless communication distance and the requirement of proximity to RFID reader is high [2]. The second one is the semi-passive sensor tag, it uses batteries to run the chip’s circuitry, but communicates by drawing power from the reader. The last one is the active sensor tag, it provides long wireless communication distance but in the expense of high cost and low lifetime since it requires one-time batteries to power for the tag and radio.

=== Project Aims ===
An enhanced version of the sensor tag is proposed.

The individual aim of this project is to formulate, design and build a Battery Management Unit (BMU) capable of charging/discharging under different circumstances. The BMU shall be smart to decide when to use the battery to power the WISP and be charged by the UHF reader.

It is supposed to combine all the advantages from the current three types of sensor tags and achieve better overall performance with low power consumption. Longer communication distance and better life time shall be realized.

=== Outline of proposed work ===
* Battery Test
* Building Hybrid RFID Sensor Tags

=== Project Approach ===
==== Original WISP performance ====
[[File:WISPDV.png]]

* The WISP communication and error rates as a function of RF attenuation and calculate distance.

==== Block Diagram ====
* Origianl WISP
[[File:Original.png]]

The original WISP design block diagram with no battery.

* Proposed Design
[[File:New.png]]

Our proposed design with Battery Management Unit (BMU). The external battery would be automatically charged and discharged under different distance between the RFID reader and the WISP corresponding to the output voltage.

==== Approach Description ====
As the WISP works under ultralow current(250uA), thus there will be a great possibility that the added Battery Management Unit (BMU) would absorb most of the current and kill the rest of the system normal operation. Therefore, the EnerChip CC series with integrated power management could be a sophisticated power solution as the heart of our design.
Here we provide three different ultimate designs block diagrams:

* Design 1

[[File:D1.png]]

The EnerChip CC CBC 3105 with external battery or supercapacitor, a voltage detector, a traslator and a voltage regulator.

Note: By varying the R2 resistor in order to lower the threshold voltage to 2.2V.

* Design 2

[[File:D3.png]]

The EnerChip CC CBC 3105 with external battery or supercapacitor, charge pump, analog switch, two voltage detectors and traslators, and a voltage regulator.

Note: The BMU can automatically switch between different stages: when the voltage is between 2V and 2.5V, use the charge pump to boost up voltage and turn off the additional 1V voltage detector; when the voltage is above 2.5V, turn off the charge pump and the 1V additional voltage detector; when it goes below 2V, turn on the 1V additional voltage detector.

This could save some power consumption of the system at different conditions.

==== Testing Scenario ====

Our testing environment consists of an RFID reader and a sensor tag which is the WISP. We hold the tag and see whether if could be identified. The RFID reader sends a query to the tag and the tag returns an answer generally containing identifying information through Radio transmissions. The RFID reader sends the identifying information to our host computer, where it can be incorporated into a database to track objects and guide the activities of man and machines or revealed in human-readable form.

[[File:RFIDoverview.JPG]]

=== Technical Merits ===
* Longer communication distance
* Better power utilization
* Good life time
* Functionalities fully remained
* Low cost
* Ultra-small size

=== Design Performance ===
[[File:Result.png]]

== Team ==
=== Group members ===
* Mr Yuchen Dong
* Mr Han Xue

=== Supervisors ===
* Dr Said Al-Sarawi
* Dr Damith Ranasinghe

=== Resources ===
* USB Key Debugger
* RFID Reader, Antenna
* Standard PC

=== References ===
* [1] Intel Research Seattle, “WISP Wiki,” [Online] https://wisp.wikispaces.com (Accessed: 2 October 2014).
* [2] A. P. Sample et al., “Design of an RFID-Based Battery-Free Programmable Sensing Platform,” IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 57, no. 11, pp. 2608 2615, Nov. 2008.
* [3] Quick Introduction to RFID[Online], Available: http://www.polygait.calpoly.edu/tutorial.htm

File:Result.png

2014-10-10T11:51:21Z

A1635365: A1635365 uploaded a new version of "File:Result.png"

Projects:2014S1-35 Human Activity Recognition to Support Independent Living

2014-10-10T11:49:58Z

A1635365: /* Design Performance */

This project aims to build a Hybrid Power RFID sensor tag which could renovate the way of tag-to-reader communications based on the Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform (WISP) 4.1 DL version developed by Intel Research Seattle.

== Project information ==
The holistic goal of the Human Activity Recognition to Support Independent Living project is to determine if the use of privacy preserving radio-frequency identification technology and wireless sensor technology to detect patient activities can form the basis for a technological solution to support independent living, specifically, build a hybrid-semi-passive sensor tag which could renovate the way of tag-to-reader communications based on the Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform (WISP) 4.1 DL version.

A WISP is generally a sensing and computing device that is powered and read by a standard off-the-shelf RFID reader [1].

Currently, there are three common approaches to provide power and tag-to-reader communications. The first one is the passive sensor tag, it receives all its operating power from an RFID reader. It is battery-free but with short wireless communication distance and the requirement of proximity to RFID reader is high [2]. The second one is the semi-passive sensor tag, it uses batteries to run the chip’s circuitry, but communicates by drawing power from the reader. The last one is the active sensor tag, it provides long wireless communication distance but in the expense of high cost and low lifetime since it requires one-time batteries to power for the tag and radio.

=== Project Aims ===
An enhanced version of the sensor tag is proposed.

The individual aim of this project is to formulate, design and build a Battery Management Unit (BMU) capable of charging/discharging under different circumstances. The BMU shall be smart to decide when to use the battery to power the WISP and be charged by the UHF reader.

It is supposed to combine all the advantages from the current three types of sensor tags and achieve better overall performance with low power consumption. Longer communication distance and better life time shall be realized.

=== Outline of proposed work ===
* Battery Test
* Building Hybrid RFID Sensor Tags

=== Project Approach ===
==== Original WISP performance ====
[[File:WISPDV.png]]

* The WISP communication and error rates as a function of RF attenuation and calculate distance.

==== Block Diagram ====
* Origianl WISP
[[File:Original.png]]

The original WISP design block diagram with no battery.

* Proposed Design
[[File:New.png]]

Our proposed design with Battery Management Unit (BMU). The external battery would be automatically charged and discharged under different distance between the RFID reader and the WISP corresponding to the output voltage.

==== Approach Description ====
As the WISP works under ultralow current(250uA), thus there will be a great possibility that the added Battery Management Unit (BMU) would absorb most of the current and kill the rest of the system normal operation. Therefore, the EnerChip CC series with integrated power management could be a sophisticated power solution as the heart of our design.
Here we provide three different ultimate designs block diagrams:

* Design 1

[[File:D1.png]]

The EnerChip CC CBC 3105 with external battery or supercapacitor, a voltage detector, a traslator and a voltage regulator.

Note: By varying the R2 resistor in order to lower the threshold voltage to 2.2V.

* Design 2

[[File:D2.png]]

The EnerChip CC CBC 3105 with external battery or supercapacitor, charge pump, a voltage detector, a traslator and a voltage regulator.

Note: Set the threshold voltage to 3V, use an additional stage of the charge pump to charge the harvested voltage from the Analog Front End of the WISP to above 3V when the voltage greater than 2V.

* Design 3

[[File:D3.png]]

The EnerChip CC CBC 3105 with external battery or supercapacitor, charge pump, analog switch, two voltage detectors and traslators, and a voltage regulator.

Note: The BMU can automatically switch between different stages: when the voltage is between 2V and 2.5V, use the charge pump to boost up voltage and turn off the additional 1V voltage detector; when the voltage is above 2.5V, turn off the charge pump and the 1V additional voltage detector; when it goes below 2V, turn on the 1V additional voltage detector.

This could save some power consumption of the system at different conditions.

==== Testing Scenario ====

Our testing environment consists of an RFID reader and a sensor tag which is the WISP. We hold the tag and see whether if could be identified. The RFID reader sends a query to the tag and the tag returns an answer generally containing identifying information through Radio transmissions. The RFID reader sends the identifying information to our host computer, where it can be incorporated into a database to track objects and guide the activities of man and machines or revealed in human-readable form.

[[File:RFIDoverview.JPG]]

=== Technical Merits ===
* Longer communication distance
* Better power utilization
* Good life time
* Functionalities fully remained
* Low cost
* Ultra-small size

=== Design Performance ===
[[File:Result.png]]

== Team ==
=== Group members ===
* Mr Yuchen Dong
* Mr Han Xue

=== Supervisors ===
* Dr Said Al-Sarawi
* Dr Damith Ranasinghe

=== Resources ===
* USB Key Debugger
* RFID Reader, Antenna
* Standard PC

=== References ===
* [1] Intel Research Seattle, “WISP Wiki,” [Online] https://wisp.wikispaces.com (Accessed: 2 October 2014).
* [2] A. P. Sample et al., “Design of an RFID-Based Battery-Free Programmable Sensing Platform,” IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 57, no. 11, pp. 2608 2615, Nov. 2008.
* [3] Quick Introduction to RFID[Online], Available: http://www.polygait.calpoly.edu/tutorial.htm

Projects:2014S1-35 Human Activity Recognition to Support Independent Living

2014-10-10T11:49:34Z

A1635365: /* Design Performance */

This project aims to build a Hybrid Power RFID sensor tag which could renovate the way of tag-to-reader communications based on the Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform (WISP) 4.1 DL version developed by Intel Research Seattle.

== Project information ==
The holistic goal of the Human Activity Recognition to Support Independent Living project is to determine if the use of privacy preserving radio-frequency identification technology and wireless sensor technology to detect patient activities can form the basis for a technological solution to support independent living, specifically, build a hybrid-semi-passive sensor tag which could renovate the way of tag-to-reader communications based on the Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform (WISP) 4.1 DL version.

A WISP is generally a sensing and computing device that is powered and read by a standard off-the-shelf RFID reader [1].

Currently, there are three common approaches to provide power and tag-to-reader communications. The first one is the passive sensor tag, it receives all its operating power from an RFID reader. It is battery-free but with short wireless communication distance and the requirement of proximity to RFID reader is high [2]. The second one is the semi-passive sensor tag, it uses batteries to run the chip’s circuitry, but communicates by drawing power from the reader. The last one is the active sensor tag, it provides long wireless communication distance but in the expense of high cost and low lifetime since it requires one-time batteries to power for the tag and radio.

=== Project Aims ===
An enhanced version of the sensor tag is proposed.

The individual aim of this project is to formulate, design and build a Battery Management Unit (BMU) capable of charging/discharging under different circumstances. The BMU shall be smart to decide when to use the battery to power the WISP and be charged by the UHF reader.

It is supposed to combine all the advantages from the current three types of sensor tags and achieve better overall performance with low power consumption. Longer communication distance and better life time shall be realized.

=== Outline of proposed work ===
* Battery Test
* Building Hybrid RFID Sensor Tags

=== Project Approach ===
==== Original WISP performance ====
[[File:WISPDV.png]]

* The WISP communication and error rates as a function of RF attenuation and calculate distance.

==== Block Diagram ====
* Origianl WISP
[[File:Original.png]]

The original WISP design block diagram with no battery.

* Proposed Design
[[File:New.png]]

Our proposed design with Battery Management Unit (BMU). The external battery would be automatically charged and discharged under different distance between the RFID reader and the WISP corresponding to the output voltage.

==== Approach Description ====
As the WISP works under ultralow current(250uA), thus there will be a great possibility that the added Battery Management Unit (BMU) would absorb most of the current and kill the rest of the system normal operation. Therefore, the EnerChip CC series with integrated power management could be a sophisticated power solution as the heart of our design.
Here we provide three different ultimate designs block diagrams:

* Design 1

[[File:D1.png]]

The EnerChip CC CBC 3105 with external battery or supercapacitor, a voltage detector, a traslator and a voltage regulator.

Note: By varying the R2 resistor in order to lower the threshold voltage to 2.2V.

* Design 2

[[File:D2.png]]

The EnerChip CC CBC 3105 with external battery or supercapacitor, charge pump, a voltage detector, a traslator and a voltage regulator.

Note: Set the threshold voltage to 3V, use an additional stage of the charge pump to charge the harvested voltage from the Analog Front End of the WISP to above 3V when the voltage greater than 2V.

* Design 3

[[File:D3.png]]

The EnerChip CC CBC 3105 with external battery or supercapacitor, charge pump, analog switch, two voltage detectors and traslators, and a voltage regulator.

Note: The BMU can automatically switch between different stages: when the voltage is between 2V and 2.5V, use the charge pump to boost up voltage and turn off the additional 1V voltage detector; when the voltage is above 2.5V, turn off the charge pump and the 1V additional voltage detector; when it goes below 2V, turn on the 1V additional voltage detector.

This could save some power consumption of the system at different conditions.

==== Testing Scenario ====

Our testing environment consists of an RFID reader and a sensor tag which is the WISP. We hold the tag and see whether if could be identified. The RFID reader sends a query to the tag and the tag returns an answer generally containing identifying information through Radio transmissions. The RFID reader sends the identifying information to our host computer, where it can be incorporated into a database to track objects and guide the activities of man and machines or revealed in human-readable form.

[[File:RFIDoverview.JPG]]

=== Technical Merits ===
* Longer communication distance
* Better power utilization
* Good life time
* Functionalities fully remained
* Low cost
* Ultra-small size

=== Design Performance ===
[[File:Result.PNG]]

== Team ==
=== Group members ===
* Mr Yuchen Dong
* Mr Han Xue

=== Supervisors ===
* Dr Said Al-Sarawi
* Dr Damith Ranasinghe

=== Resources ===
* USB Key Debugger
* RFID Reader, Antenna
* Standard PC

=== References ===
* [1] Intel Research Seattle, “WISP Wiki,” [Online] https://wisp.wikispaces.com (Accessed: 2 October 2014).
* [2] A. P. Sample et al., “Design of an RFID-Based Battery-Free Programmable Sensing Platform,” IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 57, no. 11, pp. 2608 2615, Nov. 2008.
* [3] Quick Introduction to RFID[Online], Available: http://www.polygait.calpoly.edu/tutorial.htm

File:Result.png

2014-10-10T11:48:40Z

A1635365:

Projects:2014S1-35 Human Activity Recognition to Support Independent Living

2014-10-10T11:48:15Z

A1635365:

This project aims to build a Hybrid Power RFID sensor tag which could renovate the way of tag-to-reader communications based on the Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform (WISP) 4.1 DL version developed by Intel Research Seattle.

== Project information ==
The holistic goal of the Human Activity Recognition to Support Independent Living project is to determine if the use of privacy preserving radio-frequency identification technology and wireless sensor technology to detect patient activities can form the basis for a technological solution to support independent living, specifically, build a hybrid-semi-passive sensor tag which could renovate the way of tag-to-reader communications based on the Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform (WISP) 4.1 DL version.

A WISP is generally a sensing and computing device that is powered and read by a standard off-the-shelf RFID reader [1].

Currently, there are three common approaches to provide power and tag-to-reader communications. The first one is the passive sensor tag, it receives all its operating power from an RFID reader. It is battery-free but with short wireless communication distance and the requirement of proximity to RFID reader is high [2]. The second one is the semi-passive sensor tag, it uses batteries to run the chip’s circuitry, but communicates by drawing power from the reader. The last one is the active sensor tag, it provides long wireless communication distance but in the expense of high cost and low lifetime since it requires one-time batteries to power for the tag and radio.

=== Project Aims ===
An enhanced version of the sensor tag is proposed.

The individual aim of this project is to formulate, design and build a Battery Management Unit (BMU) capable of charging/discharging under different circumstances. The BMU shall be smart to decide when to use the battery to power the WISP and be charged by the UHF reader.

It is supposed to combine all the advantages from the current three types of sensor tags and achieve better overall performance with low power consumption. Longer communication distance and better life time shall be realized.

=== Outline of proposed work ===
* Battery Test
* Building Hybrid RFID Sensor Tags

=== Project Approach ===
==== Original WISP performance ====
[[File:WISPDV.png]]

* The WISP communication and error rates as a function of RF attenuation and calculate distance.

==== Block Diagram ====
* Origianl WISP
[[File:Original.png]]

The original WISP design block diagram with no battery.

* Proposed Design
[[File:New.png]]

Our proposed design with Battery Management Unit (BMU). The external battery would be automatically charged and discharged under different distance between the RFID reader and the WISP corresponding to the output voltage.

==== Approach Description ====
As the WISP works under ultralow current(250uA), thus there will be a great possibility that the added Battery Management Unit (BMU) would absorb most of the current and kill the rest of the system normal operation. Therefore, the EnerChip CC series with integrated power management could be a sophisticated power solution as the heart of our design.
Here we provide three different ultimate designs block diagrams:

* Design 1

[[File:D1.png]]

The EnerChip CC CBC 3105 with external battery or supercapacitor, a voltage detector, a traslator and a voltage regulator.

Note: By varying the R2 resistor in order to lower the threshold voltage to 2.2V.

* Design 2

[[File:D2.png]]

The EnerChip CC CBC 3105 with external battery or supercapacitor, charge pump, a voltage detector, a traslator and a voltage regulator.

Note: Set the threshold voltage to 3V, use an additional stage of the charge pump to charge the harvested voltage from the Analog Front End of the WISP to above 3V when the voltage greater than 2V.

* Design 3

[[File:D3.png]]

The EnerChip CC CBC 3105 with external battery or supercapacitor, charge pump, analog switch, two voltage detectors and traslators, and a voltage regulator.

Note: The BMU can automatically switch between different stages: when the voltage is between 2V and 2.5V, use the charge pump to boost up voltage and turn off the additional 1V voltage detector; when the voltage is above 2.5V, turn off the charge pump and the 1V additional voltage detector; when it goes below 2V, turn on the 1V additional voltage detector.

This could save some power consumption of the system at different conditions.

==== Testing Scenario ====

Our testing environment consists of an RFID reader and a sensor tag which is the WISP. We hold the tag and see whether if could be identified. The RFID reader sends a query to the tag and the tag returns an answer generally containing identifying information through Radio transmissions. The RFID reader sends the identifying information to our host computer, where it can be incorporated into a database to track objects and guide the activities of man and machines or revealed in human-readable form.

[[File:RFIDoverview.JPG]]

=== Technical Merits ===
* Longer communication distance
* Better power utilization
* Good life time
* Functionalities fully remained
* Low cost
* Ultra-small size

=== Design Performance ===

== Team ==
=== Group members ===
* Mr Yuchen Dong
* Mr Han Xue

=== Supervisors ===
* Dr Said Al-Sarawi
* Dr Damith Ranasinghe

=== Resources ===
* USB Key Debugger
* RFID Reader, Antenna
* Standard PC

=== References ===
* [1] Intel Research Seattle, “WISP Wiki,” [Online] https://wisp.wikispaces.com (Accessed: 2 October 2014).
* [2] A. P. Sample et al., “Design of an RFID-Based Battery-Free Programmable Sensing Platform,” IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 57, no. 11, pp. 2608 2615, Nov. 2008.
* [3] Quick Introduction to RFID[Online], Available: http://www.polygait.calpoly.edu/tutorial.htm