Projects - User contributions [en]

Projects:2021s2-63132 Multi-port Multi-mode antennas for sub-6GHz 5G MIMO applications

2022-06-03T06:41:04Z

A1751409: /* Conclusion */

[[Category:Projects]]
[[Category:Final Year Projects]]
[[Category:2021s2|63132]]
Abstract here
== Introduction ==
In the project, a wideband dual-port dual-mode 3D printed cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna is designed and fabricated. The antenna has a broadside pattern and an omnidirectional pattern that work at the same frequency band, which has 26.73% overlapping bandwidth. Proposed designs are suitable for sub-6 5G spectrum. All proposed designs have low reflections and high isolations between each port at the operating frequency band, which can work with multi-input and multi-output technology to provide fast and stable 5G data transmission.

=== Project team ===
==== Project students ====
* Tianchang (Vincent) Ma
* Shenhua Zhou

==== Supervisors ====
* Dr Nghia Nguyen-Trong
* Prof Christophe Fumeaux

==== Advisors ====
*
*

=== Objectives ===
Two ports excite two modes at the same frequency band

Work for sub-6 5G spectrum

Low reflection for each port < -10 dB

High isolation between each port < -15 dB

Small size (easy to integrate for the small facilities)

Dual-port: wideband 3D printed design

Dual-port: narrowband planar design

== Background ==
The new generation of telecommunication 5G allows to achieve higher data rate than Long Term Evolution (4G). The antenna plays an important role to support 5G, which is required to improve performance to match with higher data rate and stability. One solution is using multi-port multi-mode antenna with multiple input multiple output (MIMO) technology. Thus, the project will focus on multi-port multi-mode antenna design, which only have one physical structure (volume is same as traditional antenna), but the electromagnetic performance is same as combination of multiple antennas. The design should have low reflection, high isolation and wide bandwidth features for sub-6 5G frequency. When the design passes the simulation, which will be tested by vector network analyser (VNA) and anechoic chamber.

== Method ==
[[File:CDRA top view.png|thumb|left]]
[[File:CDRA back view.png|left]]
The wideband 3D printed dual-port dual-mode cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna is designed by pattern diversity.The proposed designs use slot feed and probe feed. The slot feed (feed by port 1) can excite the HEM11δ mode for the dielectric resonator (higher mode HEM12δ is involved in the high frequency band). The probe feed (port 2) excites the TM01δ mode (TM02δ mode is excited in the high frequency band). HEM11δ and HEM12δ¬ modes refer to broadside patterns. TM01δ and TM02δ modes refer to omnidirectional patterns. Although 4 modes are involved in the working frequency band, based on types of radiation patterns, the design still can be called dual-port dual-mode CDRA. Different modes work in different frequency bands.Different modes have different radiation patterns

, E field’s distribution, and working frequencies. HEM11δ mode refers to the broadside radiation pattern. TM01δ mode refers to the monopole radiation pattern. The E field of the HEM11δ mode is mainly located near the edge of the cylindrical dielectric resonator. In contrast, the E field of the TM01δ mode is mainly concentrated at the center of the cylindrical dielectric resonator. Different E fields’ distributions can guarantee high isolations. Formulas to calculate HEM11δ and TM01δ mode resonant frequencies are shown in equations (1) and (2) [1]. In equations (1) and (2), parameter a refers to the radius of the CDR. The parameter h refers to the height of the CDR. ε_r represents the dielectric constant of the CDR. C is the speed of light. Based on Equations (1) and (2), under the same dielectric constant value and physical dimensions, the k_0 a (resonant frequency) of TM01δ mode will be always higher than HEM11δ mode [1].

In this design, using three dielectric constants for the CDR can effectively reduce the TM011δ mode resonant frequency, which can maximize the overlapping frequency band with HEM11δ mode. Dielectric constants of the inner core, middle layer, and outer layer are 12.3, 10, and 6.85. The CDR in the project is fabricated by 3D printing with the ABS1500 filament.
[[File:E field of HEM11 TM01 mode.png|thumb|center]] [[File:Resonant frequency .png|thumb|right]] [[File:CDR dielectric constants.png|thumb|center]]
((k_0 a))_TM01δ=√((3.83)^2+((πa/2h))^2 )/√(ε_r+2) (where 0.33≤a/h≤5) (1)
(k_0 a)_HEM11δ=6.324/√(ε_r+2) (0.27+0.36(a/2h)+0.02(a/2h)^2 )(where 0.4≤a/h≤6) (2)
f= (k_0 a*c)/2πa (3)

After finishing the preparation work in section three, the antenna front layer is shown on the left. As it shown, the antenna is made up of five patches in a square shape. Two ports are distributed on the square patch (shown in orange) in the middle. The edge length of the centre patch is w1. The distance between the port and the patch center is d1. The distance between the middle patch and the surrounding patch (shown in yellow) is gap1. The four patches surrounding the central patch are rectangular patches with a shape similar to a square. Their length and width are w1 and b1 respectively, where the length of the patch is set to match the side length of the central patch. The distance between the side patch and the edge of the antenna is gap2. The length of the whole antenna is w.

The antenna back layer is shown on the right. From the bottom, there is nothing special about the antenna design. Except for a place for the mounting port, the rest is made of copper.

Figure shows the S-Parameter of S11, S22 and S21. Since the antenna is symmetric, S11 and S22 overlapped. The bandwidth of the antenna is 2∗(2.51−2.37)/(2.51+2.37) = 5.74%. In such bandwidth range, the isolation value stays below -15dB.

== Results ==

== Conclusion ==
For this project, there are two designs.

For second design, a square patch antenna with two probe feeds works at 2.45GHz has been designed. This thesis states two different methods to increase the BW, and both methods can achieve the expansion of bandwidth. The material for substrate has changed from expensive one Duroid 5880 to less expensive one DiClad 880 which has similar relative permittivity as Duriod 5880. There are also some problems in the antenna design process. For example, the value of gain becomes smaller in the effective operating frequency of the antenna, but fortunately, a solution was found: the problem of realized gain that will suddenly dwindle can be solved by using a thicker substrate. The final antenna model is excited by two ports and operate at TM01 and TM10 modes respectively with a resonance at 2.45GHz. The simulated outcomes and measured outcomes are quite similar. At 2.45 GHz, the constructed prototype with an overall size of 137mm * 137mm * 3.18mm has a 10 dB return loss with a 6.1% bandwidth and a gain of 7.5 dB in the 2.45GHz band [10], whereas the simulation result for the gain of antenna model is close to 10dB. Furthermore, both ports can achieve an isolation which is greater than -15dB [10]. Based on all properties and evidence from measurement and simulation, the proposed antenna meets all requirements of this final year project.
Meanwhile, when checking the progress of the project in section 3.1, the planning made in last semester was quite consistent with the completion of this semester. It can be said that the project is progressing smoothly without any trouble.

== References ==
[1] a, b, c, "Simple page", In Proceedings of the Conference of Simpleness, 2010.

[2] ...

Projects:2021s2-63132 Multi-port Multi-mode antennas for sub-6GHz 5G MIMO applications

2022-06-03T06:06:14Z

A1751409: /* Method */

[[Category:Projects]]
[[Category:Final Year Projects]]
[[Category:2021s2|63132]]
Abstract here
== Introduction ==
In the project, a wideband dual-port dual-mode 3D printed cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna is designed and fabricated. The antenna has a broadside pattern and an omnidirectional pattern that work at the same frequency band, which has 26.73% overlapping bandwidth. Proposed designs are suitable for sub-6 5G spectrum. All proposed designs have low reflections and high isolations between each port at the operating frequency band, which can work with multi-input and multi-output technology to provide fast and stable 5G data transmission.

=== Project team ===
==== Project students ====
* Tianchang (Vincent) Ma
* Shenhua Zhou

==== Supervisors ====
* Dr Nghia Nguyen-Trong
* Prof Christophe Fumeaux

==== Advisors ====
*
*

=== Objectives ===
Two ports excite two modes at the same frequency band

Work for sub-6 5G spectrum

Low reflection for each port < -10 dB

High isolation between each port < -15 dB

Small size (easy to integrate for the small facilities)

Dual-port: wideband 3D printed design

Dual-port: narrowband planar design

== Background ==
The new generation of telecommunication 5G allows to achieve higher data rate than Long Term Evolution (4G). The antenna plays an important role to support 5G, which is required to improve performance to match with higher data rate and stability. One solution is using multi-port multi-mode antenna with multiple input multiple output (MIMO) technology. Thus, the project will focus on multi-port multi-mode antenna design, which only have one physical structure (volume is same as traditional antenna), but the electromagnetic performance is same as combination of multiple antennas. The design should have low reflection, high isolation and wide bandwidth features for sub-6 5G frequency. When the design passes the simulation, which will be tested by vector network analyser (VNA) and anechoic chamber.

== Method ==
The wideband 3D printed dual-port dual-mode cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna is designed by pattern diversity.The proposed designs use slot feed and probe feed. The slot feed (feed by port 1) can excite the HEM11δ mode for the dielectric resonator (higher mode HEM12δ is involved in the high frequency band). The probe feed (port 2) excites the TM01δ mode (TM02δ mode is excited in the high frequency band). HEM11δ and HEM12δ¬ modes refer to broadside patterns. TM01δ and TM02δ modes refer to omnidirectional patterns. Although 4 modes are involved in the working frequency band, based on types of radiation patterns, the design still can be called dual-port dual-mode CDRA. Different modes work in different frequency bands. Different modes have different radiation patterns, E field’s distribution, and working frequencies. HEM11δ mode refers to the broadside radiation pattern. TM01δ mode refers to the monopole radiation pattern. The E field of the HEM11δ mode is mainly located near the edge of the cylindrical dielectric resonator. In contrast, the E field of the TM01δ mode is mainly concentrated at the center of the cylindrical dielectric resonator (Figure 15). Different E fields’ distributions can guarantee high isolations. Formulas to calculate HEM11δ and TM01δ mode resonant frequencies are shown in equations (8) and (9) [9]. In equations (8) and (9), parameter a refers to the radius of the CDR. The parameter h refers to the height of the CDR. ε_r represents the dielectric constant of the CDR. C is speed of light. Based on Equations (8) and (9), under the same dielectric constant value and physical dimensions, the k_0 a (resonant frequency) of TM01δ mode will be always higher than HEM11δ mode (Figure 16) [9].

〖(k_0 a)〗_TM01δ=√(〖3.83〗^2+〖(πa/2h)〗^2 )/√(ε_r+2) (where 0.33≤a/h≤5) (8)
(k_0 a)_HEM11δ=6.324/√(ε_r+2) (0.27+0.36(a/2h)+0.02(a/2h)^2 )(where 0.4≤a/h≤6) (9)
f= (k_0 a*c)/2πa (10)

After finishing the preparation work in section three, the antenna front layer is shown on the left. As it shown, the antenna is made up of five patches in a square shape. Two ports are distributed on the square patch (shown in orange) in the middle. The edge length of the centre patch is w1. The distance between the port and the patch center is d1. The distance between the middle patch and the surrounding patch (shown in yellow) is gap1. The four patches surrounding the central patch are rectangular patches with a shape similar to a square. Their length and width are w1 and b1 respectively, where the length of the patch is set to match the side length of the central patch. The distance between the side patch and the edge of the antenna is gap2. The length of the whole antenna is w.

The antenna back layer is shown on the right. From the bottom, there is nothing special about the antenna design. Except for a place for the mounting port, the rest is made of copper.

Figure shows the S-Parameter of S11, S22 and S21. Since the antenna is symmetric, S11 and S22 overlapped. The bandwidth of the antenna is 2∗(2.51−2.37)/(2.51+2.37) = 5.74%. In such bandwidth range, the isolation value stays below -15dB.

== Results ==

== Conclusion ==

== References ==
[1] a, b, c, "Simple page", In Proceedings of the Conference of Simpleness, 2010.

[2] ...

Projects:2021s2-63132 Multi-port Multi-mode antennas for sub-6GHz 5G MIMO applications

2022-06-03T06:03:21Z

A1751409:

[[Category:Projects]]
[[Category:Final Year Projects]]
[[Category:2021s2|63132]]
Abstract here
== Introduction ==
In the project, a wideband dual-port dual-mode 3D printed cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna is designed and fabricated. The antenna has a broadside pattern and an omnidirectional pattern that work at the same frequency band, which has 26.73% overlapping bandwidth. Proposed designs are suitable for sub-6 5G spectrum. All proposed designs have low reflections and high isolations between each port at the operating frequency band, which can work with multi-input and multi-output technology to provide fast and stable 5G data transmission.

=== Project team ===
==== Project students ====
* Tianchang (Vincent) Ma
* Shenhua Zhou

==== Supervisors ====
* Dr Nghia Nguyen-Trong
* Prof Christophe Fumeaux

==== Advisors ====
*
*

=== Objectives ===
Two ports excite two modes at the same frequency band

Work for sub-6 5G spectrum

Low reflection for each port < -10 dB

High isolation between each port < -15 dB

Small size (easy to integrate for the small facilities)

Dual-port: wideband 3D printed design

Dual-port: narrowband planar design

== Background ==
The new generation of telecommunication 5G allows to achieve higher data rate than Long Term Evolution (4G). The antenna plays an important role to support 5G, which is required to improve performance to match with higher data rate and stability. One solution is using multi-port multi-mode antenna with multiple input multiple output (MIMO) technology. Thus, the project will focus on multi-port multi-mode antenna design, which only have one physical structure (volume is same as traditional antenna), but the electromagnetic performance is same as combination of multiple antennas. The design should have low reflection, high isolation and wide bandwidth features for sub-6 5G frequency. When the design passes the simulation, which will be tested by vector network analyser (VNA) and anechoic chamber.

== Method ==
The wideband 3D printed dual-port dual-mode cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna is designed by pattern diversity.The proposed designs use slot feed and probe feed. The slot feed (feed by port 1) can excite the HEM11δ mode for the dielectric resonator (higher mode HEM12δ is involved in the high frequency band). The probe feed (port 2) excites the TM01δ mode (TM02δ mode is excited in the high frequency band). HEM11δ and HEM12δ¬ modes refer to broadside patterns. TM01δ and TM02δ modes refer to omnidirectional patterns. Although 4 modes are involved in the working frequency band, based on types of radiation patterns, the design still can be called dual-port dual-mode CDRA. Different modes work in different frequency bands. Different modes have different radiation patterns, E field’s distribution, and working frequencies. HEM11δ mode refers to the broadside radiation pattern. TM01δ mode refers to the monopole radiation pattern. The E field of the HEM11δ mode is mainly located near the edge of the cylindrical dielectric resonator. In contrast, the E field of the TM01δ mode is mainly concentrated at the center of the cylindrical dielectric resonator (Figure 15). Different E fields’ distributions can guarantee high isolations. Formulas to calculate HEM11δ and TM01δ mode resonant frequencies are shown in equations (8) and (9) [9]. In equations (8) and (9), parameter a refers to the radius of the CDR. The parameter h refers to the height of the CDR. ε_r represents the dielectric constant of the CDR. C is speed of light. Based on Equations (8) and (9), under the same dielectric constant value and physical dimensions, the k_0 a (resonant frequency) of TM01δ mode will be always higher than HEM11δ mode (Figure 16) [9].

〖(k_0 a)〗_TM01δ=√(〖3.83〗^2+〖(πa/2h)〗^2 )/√(ε_r+2) (where 0.33≤a/h≤5) (8)
(k_0 a)_HEM11δ=6.324/√(ε_r+2) (0.27+0.36(a/2h)+0.02(a/2h)^2 )(where 0.4≤a/h≤6) (9)
f= (k_0 a*c)/2πa (10)

After finishing the preparation work in section three, the antenna front layer is shown on the left. As it shown, the antenna is made up of five patches in a square shape. Two ports are distributed on the square patch (shown in orange) in the middle. The edge length of the centre patch is w1. The distance between the port and the patch center is d1. The distance between the middle patch and the surrounding patch (shown in yellow) is gap1. The four patches surrounding the central patch are rectangular patches with a shape similar to a square. Their length and width are w1 and b1 respectively, where the length of the patch is set to match the side length of the central patch. The distance between the side patch and the edge of the antenna is gap2. The length of the whole antenna is w.

The antenna back layer is shown on the right. From the bottom, there is nothing special about the antenna design. Except for a place for the mounting port, the rest is made of copper.

Figure shows the S-Parameter of S11, S22 and S21. Since the antenna is symmetric, S11 and S22 overlapped. The bandwidth of the antenna is 2∗(2.51−2.37)/(2.51+2.37) = 5.74%. In such bandwidth range, the isolation value stays below -15dB.
[[File:S-Parameters for the proposed antenna.jpg|thumb]]

== Results ==

== Conclusion ==

== References ==
[1] a, b, c, "Simple page", In Proceedings of the Conference of Simpleness, 2010.

[2] ...

File:Configuration of the proposed antenna model.jpg

2022-06-03T06:02:51Z

A1751409: Blanked the page

File:Image003.png

2022-06-03T06:00:46Z

A1751409:

1111

Projects:2021s2-63132 Multi-port Multi-mode antennas for sub-6GHz 5G MIMO applications

2022-06-02T03:04:30Z

A1751409: /* Method */

File:S-Parameters for the proposed antenna.jpg

2022-06-02T03:02:25Z

A1751409:

all

File:Configuration of the proposed antenna models.jpg

2022-06-02T02:59:35Z

A1751409:

Back layer

File:Configuration of the proposed antenna model.jpg

2022-06-02T02:58:02Z

A1751409:

Front layer