Projects:2019s1-113 High Curie Temperature Magnetic Materials - Revision history

A1728764: /* Sigificance */

2019-10-01T03:08:43Z

‎Sigificance

A1697027 at 04:57, 31 July 2019

2019-07-31T04:57:17Z

A1697027 at 07:18, 30 July 2019

2019-07-30T07:18:28Z

A1697027 at 06:31, 30 July 2019

2019-07-30T06:31:16Z

A1697027: /* Overview */

2019-05-26T06:28:26Z

‎Overview

A1697027 at 04:36, 26 May 2019

2019-05-26T04:36:01Z

A1697027 at 02:19, 21 May 2019

2019-05-21T02:19:30Z

A1697027 at 08:51, 20 May 2019

2019-05-20T08:51:52Z

A1697027: /* Objectives */

2019-05-20T08:48:59Z

‎Objectives

A1697027: /* References */

2019-05-20T08:47:08Z

‎References

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 # Build and test such a device.
-===Sigificance===
+===Significance===
 The ability of our project to help reduce the power that is lost during the heating of 1414 Degree’s storage material represents a direct benefit to the project sponsor. This project also benefits the broader engineering community. Electromagnetically actuated devices that can reliably operate in high-temperature environments would reduce the need for cooling considerations and thermal insulation

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 ===Electrical heating===
 ====Low frequency range (50Hz to 1MHz)====
 When the frequency range is low ohmic heating or inductive heating can be implemented. Ohmic heating is when an electric current is passed through the heating sample, resulting in a temperature rise due to the conversion of the electric energy into heat [12]. It provides energy-saving while reducing heating time when compared to conventional heating methods. This is currently the technique used by 1414 Degrees. However, comes with some challenges such as it requires a narrow operating frequency band and complex coupling between temperature and electrical filed distribution [12].
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 This project intends to implementing inductive heating between the frequency range of 5-30 kilohertz. Inductive heating is the process of heating an electrically conducting object by electromagnetic induction, through heat generated in the object using eddy
 currents [13]. Inductive heating is based on two main principles electromagnetic induction and ohmic heating. The energy transfer to the object to be heated occurs by means of electromagnetic induction. Any electrically conductive material placed in a variable magnetic field in the site of induced electric currents (eddy currents) will eventually lead to ohmic heating [13].
 ==Proposal ==
 == Method ==
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 [13] E. Ter Maten and J. Melissen, “SIMULATION OF INDUCTIVE HEATING”, ieee transactions on magnetics, 1992. Available at: SIMULATION OF INDUCTIVE
 HEATING.

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 The ability of our project to help reduce the power that is lost during the heating of 1414 Degree’s storage material represents a direct benefit to the project sponsor. This project also benefits the broader engineering community. Electromagnetically actuated devices that can reliably operate in high-temperature environments would reduce the need for cooling considerations and thermal insulation
-== Relevant work ==
+== Previous studies ==
-== Background ==
+=== Curie temperature (Tc) of ferromagnetic materials===
-=== Curie temperature ===
+Tc is the temperature above which certain ferromagnetic materials lose their permanent magnetic properties, to be replaced by induced magnetism [5]. Once a ferromagnetic material is sufficiently heated, the tendency to disorder overtakes the tendency of spin magnetic moments to align themselves and cause spontaneous magnetization [6, 7]. Essentially, the magnetic moments are disarranged and can no longer inherently produce a magnetic field. The magnetization and magnetic coercivity approach zero and the relative permeability approach that of free space as the temperature of a ferromagnetic material approaches its Curie temperature.
-The Curie temperature is the temperature above which the spontaneous magnetization (ferromagnetism) vanishes; it separated the disordered paramagnetic phase T > T_c from the ordered ferromagnetic phase at T < T_c[1].
 ==Proposal ==
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 [1] M. Yekini Suberu, M. Wazir Mustafa and N. Bashir, “Energy storage systems for renewable energy power sector integration and mitigation of intermittency” Renewable and sustainable energy, 2014. [Online]. Available at: Renewable and Sustainable Energy
 Reviews.
 [2] Ertugrul, N. (2018).4062 Distributed Generation Technologies 7075 Distributed Generation Tech (PG) - Battery energy storage. 1st ed. Adelaide: University of Adelaide.
 [3] K.C. Divya and J. Ostergaard,” Battery energy storage technology for power systems —an overview” Electric Power Systems Research 2009; 79:511–20. Available: Electric Power Systems Research.
 [4] 1414 degrees, “What is 1414 Degrees?” 2019. Available at: WHAT IS 1414 DEGREES? [Accessed 2 Jun. 2019].

@@ Line 25: / Line 25: @@
 == Introduction ==
 ===Overview===
-The current electric power sector is trying to increase the availability, reliability and security of energy supply to the consumers. This pursuit has increased the need to integrate renewable energy (RE) into the electricity sector as a strategy to curb the problem of energy deficiency especially in isolated off-grid settlements. However, the variability in the sources of Renewable supply coupled with conditional changes in the level of energy consumption with respect to time has brought to focus the necessity for electrical energy storage systems (ESSs) [1].
+Currently, the Australian energy sector is using battery energy storage systems (BESS) which offers a significant saving in off-grid applications, but voltage fluctuations are a major issue with the integration of renewable energy [2]. Furthermore, BESS have reduced the efficiency with prolonged use due to degradation caused by high voltages [3]. As technology continues to improve more ESS emerge such as thermal energy storage
-Currently, in the energy sector the issue of intermittency is currently solved using battery energy storage systems (BESS). However, BESS faces some key challenges. Once the batteries get full, battery storage will lead to wastage of all other surplus renewable energy. Battery storage also faces reduced efficiency as the batteries get older due to degradation caused by the presence of high voltages [2].
+Degrees is an Australian based company that specializes in TESS. They have developed a special silicon-based Phase Change Material (PCM), which has a high latent heat of fusion and high energy density. This means it can hold large amounts of energy and delivers high energy efficiency simultaneously. A brief overview of how the TESS works is first the PCM is heated using electricity up to 1414 K at this temperature, the silicon transitions to a molten phase. This allows the storage of a significant amount of energy which can be reclaimed at the desired time. During times of high electrical demand, the PCM is cooled causing transitions from molten to solid resulting in the release of heat energy
-As the technologies continue to grow, more and more ESSs emerged with increased efficiency such as thermal energy storage systems (TESS), pumped hydro system (PHS), compressed air energy storage (CAES), fuel cell (FC) and  superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) [3].
+The PCM is heated using an electrical resistance heating system. This specific method of heating leads to heat loss through the various ports and openings that are needed to run various heating elements. A possible solution to this problem is to use an electromagnetic heating system. To perform electromagnetic heating a material needs be identified that retains permanent magnetism at temperatures above 1414K.
 === Project Objectives ===
-To create an electromagnetically actuated high temperature device with the following features:
+The long-term aims of this project would be to provide 1414 Degrees with a device that would further their technological advancement; replacing their current method of resistive heating with electromagnetic heating. The project aims as reproduced from the project brief are to:
-#  A small heater that can achieve the highest possible temperature, preferably at least 1400 K
+# Conduct a literature/ product-search for materials that are solid and permanent magnets at temperatures above 1400K.
-#  A “switch” that can directly thermostatically control a heating load, preferably to at least 1400 K
+# Model an electromagnetically actuated device that is capable of operation at temperatures above 1400K.
-# A wireless thermometer
+# Build and test such a device.
 == Relevant work ==
 == Background ==
 === Curie temperature ===
-The Curie temperature is the temperature above which the spontanteous magnetization (ferromagnetism) vanishes; it separated the disordered paramagnetic phase T > T_c from the ordered ferromagnetic phase at T < T_c[1].
+The Curie temperature is the temperature above which the spontaneous magnetization (ferromagnetism) vanishes; it separated the disordered paramagnetic phase T > T_c from the ordered ferromagnetic phase at T < T_c[1].
 ==Proposal ==
@@ Line 57: / Line 60: @@
 == References ==
-[1] [1] Yekini Suberu, M., Wazir Mustafa, M. and Bashir, N. (2014). Energy storage systems for renewable energy power sector integration and mitigation of intermittency. [online] ELSEVIER.
+[1] M. Yekini Suberu, M. Wazir Mustafa and N. Bashir, “Energy storage systems for renewable energy power sector integration and mitigation of intermittency” Renewable and sustainable energy, 2014. [Online]. Available at: Renewable and Sustainable Energy
+Reviews.
-[2] Divya KC, Ostergaard J. Battery energy storage technology for power systems —an overview. Electr Power Syst Res 2009;79:511–20.
+[2] Ertugrul, N. (2018).4062 Distributed Generation Technologies 7075 Distributed Generation Tech (PG) - Battery energy storage. 1st ed. Adelaide: University of Adelaide.
+[3] K.C. Divya and J. Ostergaard,” Battery energy storage technology for power systems —an overview” Electric Power Systems Research 2009; 79:511–20. Available: Electric Power Systems Research.
-[3]
+[4] 1414 degrees, “What is 1414 Degrees?” 2019. Available at: WHAT IS 1414 DEGREES? [Accessed 2 Jun. 2019].

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:28, 26 May 2019
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	The PCM is heated via electrical resistive heating that generates a lot of thermal energy losses. This project will tackle the problem of TESS using electromagnetic heating system which requires a high magnetic flux density in the presence a PCM with a high Curie temperature (Tc). Tc is the temperature above which certain materials lose their permanent magnetic properties, to be replaced by induced magnetism [4].		The PCM is heated via electrical resistive heating that generates a lot of thermal energy losses. This project will tackle the problem of TESS using electromagnetic heating system which requires a high magnetic flux density in the presence a PCM with a high Curie temperature (Tc). Tc is the temperature above which certain materials lose their permanent magnetic properties, to be replaced by induced magnetism [4].
−

	=== Project Objectives ===		=== Project Objectives ===

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:19, 21 May 2019
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	== Introduction ==		== Introduction ==
		+	===Overview===

	The current electric power sector is trying to increase the availability, reliability and security of energy supply to the consumers. This pursuit has increased the need to integrate renewable energy (RE) into the electricity sector as a strategy to curb the problem of energy deficiency especially in isolated off-grid settlements. However, the variability in the sources of Renewable supply coupled with conditional changes in the level of energy consumption with respect to time has brought to focus the necessity for electrical energy storage systems (ESSs) [1].		The current electric power sector is trying to increase the availability, reliability and security of energy supply to the consumers. This pursuit has increased the need to integrate renewable energy (RE) into the electricity sector as a strategy to curb the problem of energy deficiency especially in isolated off-grid settlements. However, the variability in the sources of Renewable supply coupled with conditional changes in the level of energy consumption with respect to time has brought to focus the necessity for electrical energy storage systems (ESSs) [1].

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 [[Category:2019s1|113]]
 Abstract here
 == Introduction ==
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 # A wireless thermometer
 == Relevant work ==

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 [2] Divya KC, Ostergaard J. Battery energy storage technology for power systems —an overview. Electr Power Syst Res 2009;79:511–20.
-[3] C. Kittel, Introduction to solid state physics. New York: J. Wiley & Sons, 1971
+[3]
-[4] ...
+[4] C. Kittel, Introduction to solid state physics. New York: J. Wiley & Sons, 1971