Projects:2020s1-2110 Radio-Wave Induced Neural-Plasticity - Revision history

A1705296: /* References */

2020-10-19T04:37:38Z

‎References

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‎Background

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‎Results

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‎Conclusion

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‎Method

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‎Method

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‎Results

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‎Method

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‎Conclusion

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‎Method

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:37, 19 October 2020
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	== References ==		== References ==
−	[1] a, b, c, ~~"Simple page"~~, ~~In Proceedings of the Conference of Simpleness~~, ~~2010.~~	+	[1] Sliow, A. et al. “Stimulation and Repair of Peripheral Nerves Using Bioadhesive Graft-Antenna,” Advanced Science, vol. 6, no. 11, 2019.
−
−	~~[2] ..~~.

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 == Background ==
-In 2019, Sliow et al. [3] developed a graft-antenna: a metal ring which could be wrapped around a damaged nerve bundle using a bio-adhesive polymer. In vivo studies using rats showed that when this ring was stimulated by an external Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation device, nerve repair was improved uniformly.
+In 2019, Sliow et al. [1] developed a graft-antenna: a metal ring which could be wrapped around a damaged nerve bundle using a bio-adhesive polymer. In vivo studies using rats showed that when this ring was stimulated by an external Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation device, nerve repair was improved uniformly.
 Sliow et al. were unable to identify the mechanisms behind electrical stimulation, necessitating the creation of an electromagnetic model. One unexplained observation of interest was the ‘no-touch-no-response’ effect; if the ring was not in direct contact with the nerve bundle, then no stimulation would occur, regardless of how the stimulation was applied.

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 The magnetic fields generated by the TMS were found to circulate through the two loops. In a small region occupied by the graft antenna, the magnetic fields were found to be uniform and monodirectional. In other words, the TMS device acted only as a constant magnetic field source to the graft antenna.
 The interactions with the graft antenna showed three phenomena, all of which contributed to the neural stimulation. First, the metal ring acted as a shield to electric fields within it. This generated electric field gradients across segments of the nerve with and without the ring present, and these gradients are capable of causing nerve stimulation. Secondly, the metal ring created high intensity electric fields pointing in all directions at its edges. These edge effects were able to penetrate a short distance into the neural tube and excite a small part of it.
 Interestingly, the neural regrowth which was identified by Sliow et al occurred homogeneously throughout the nerve, but most of the electrical stimulation was located at the nerve's surface. This may imply that in the biological system, there is some linking effect between the neurons, allowing the repair of a single neuron within the bundle to trigger repair in nearby neurons.

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 == Conclusion ==
-Uniform nerve response from non-uniform stimulation is not explained with classical models. This suggests the existence of a quantum linking effect within the neuron, though this will need to be experimentally confirmed.
+The uniform nerve response from the non-uniform stimulation is not explained with classical models. This suggests the existence of a quantum linking effect within the neuron, though this will need to be experimentally confirmed.
 This research could be continued through two key pathways.

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 == Method ==
-[[File:Setup.png|200px|thumb|right]]
+[[File:Setup.png|200px|thumb|right|Schematic of experimental setup and computational model]]
 The Sim4Life computational environment was used to replicate the physical devices used by Sliow et al., shown to the right.
 A Quasi Magneto-Static solver was used to calculate the generated fields.

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:09, 19 October 2020
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	== Results ==		== Results ==
		+	The magnetic fields generated by the TMS were found to circulate through the two loops. In a small region occupied by the graft antenna, the magnetic fields were found to be uniform and monodirectional. In other words, the TMS device acted only as a constant magnetic field source to the graft antenna.
		+
		+	The interactions with the graft antenna showed three phenomena, all of which contributed to the neural stimulation. First, the metal ring acted as a shield to electric fields within it. This generated electric field gradients across segments of the nerve with and without the ring present, and these gradients are capable of causing nerve stimulation. Secondly, the metal ring created high intensity electric fields pointing in all directions at its edges. These edge effects were able to penetrate a short distance into the neural tube and excite a small part of it.
		+
		+	Interestingly, the neural regrowth which was identified by Sliow et al occurred homogeneously throughout the nerve, but most of the electrical stimulation was located at the nerve's surface. This may imply that in the biological system, there is some linking effect between the neurons, allowing the repair of a single neuron within the bundle to trigger repair in nearby neurons.

	== Conclusion ==		== Conclusion ==

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:51, 19 October 2020
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	== Conclusion ==		== Conclusion ==
		+	Uniform nerve response from non-uniform stimulation is not explained with classical models. This suggests the existence of a quantum linking effect within the neuron, though this will need to be experimentally confirmed.
		+
		+	This research could be continued through two key pathways.
		+	# Optimise the ring design to improve electrical stimulation.
		+	# Examine non-electrical behaviours in this system (biological, thermal, etc.) to develop a better understanding of this technology and potentially increase its application.

	== References ==		== References ==

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 == Method ==
-[[File:Setup.png|300px|frame|right]]
+[[File:Setup.png|thumb|right]]
 == Results ==