Projects:2020s1-2430 The Ball Bearing Motor Mystery

Project team

Honours students

• Fengyuan Zhan
• Liam Martin

Supervisors

• Prof Derek Abbott

Advisors

• Dr Andrew Allison

Project guidelines

• ()

General project description

The ball bearing motor is a mystery because to this day no engineer knows how it works! No one understands the physical principle at all. Doing some experiments is necessary to investigate this motor and why it is that it rotates. Understanding the principle is important. It may not be useful for large motors, but it may be interesting for micromotors and micropumps that have numerous applications.

Abstract

The Huber effect was first discoverd at 1959. The effect acts on the ball bearing motor that the motor can continuously rotate in either direction when supplied with either a DC or AC supply. This effect has attracted numerous academics to resesarch the base principle to support the action of Huber effect. This experiment is aim to verify the availability of some of these theories by searching the relationship among torque and angular velocity of the motor as well as the other relative elements. An simple simulation experiment was made by COMSOL to investigate the simulated phenomenon of Huber effect without damaging the ball bearing motor. Meanwhile an encoding wheel and a photosensor are adopted to investigate the relationship of torque and angular velocity of the motor. The completion of the project is expected to help the future investigation of the application of ball bearing motor in micro-electromechanical systems(MEMS) technology and driving further investigation for the Huber Effect into the correct way simultaneously.

Background

The principles of the motor are still a mystery in academia. There are still many disputes on how the motor works. Three main theories are the most popular and all of Them will be shown below.

Theories

Electromagnetic effect

The theory 'Electromagnetic effect’is raised by Gruenberg in 1977. It states that each single ball has primary volume current density J0 and primary magnetic field B0 when connecting current sources. When the ball is moving caused by shaft spinning, a new current density J1 and related magnetic field B1 will be produced in the new position. The interaction between J0 and B1 as well as interaction between J1 and B0 will force the ball to move to further position then drive the shaft spinning, and produce further current density and magnetic field then create a new force. This cycle is responsible for the continuous rotation of the shaft.

Based on the analysis of the electromagnetic effect theory, the motor torque is proportional to the angular velocity and the squared value of the supply current.

Thermal expansion

The theory 'Thermal expansion' is purposed by Marinov, indicated that “the ball bearing motor is not an electromagnetic motor but a thermal engine.” When the current go through the whole circuit in ball bearing, the contact points between balls and races will have high temperature due to the high resistances. It leads to the expansion of contact points, and further changes the shape of balls into a slightly ellipse but not staying in a circle. With an initial torque, the ellipse will rotate to a new position and new contact points will be expanded to complete the next movement cycles.

Plasma discharge

The theory of 'plasma discharge’firstly proposed by Polivanov, Netushil and Tatarinova in 1973. They ascribed the Huber effect to the plasma discharge . Sparking which is the result of Lenz’s Law will occur at the points between the last contact point of bearing balls and the race when the motor is spinning. A force is produced as a result of the interaction of induced currents within the magnetic field disturb the symmetry of the current and flux distribution established by previous contact points. And this interaction will be repeated to sustain the force leading to rotating.

As a result of investigation, they summarized the rotating force is proportional to the squared value of currents.