Projects:2018s2-235UG PMU Test generator

Project Team

project student :

• Yasin Mohammadi
• George Qian

supervisors :

• Prof. Keith Kikkert
• Prof. Nesimi Ertugrul

Objectives

This project aims to build a three-phase PMU test generator that can generate all the test signals mentioned in IEEE C 37.118.1 (2011 and 2014).The instrument will generate waveforms digitally and convert them to analog waveforms using a digital-to-analog converter and up to the 1W audio amplifier.

• 1) Real state:

   In reality, people can change the frequency to 5Hz, and the amplitude can also change to 20% by adjusting the instrument. It can also modulate frequency slopes, amplitudes and frequency wavelengths, and AM and FM modulation of 
   three-phase signals at a rate of 0.1-2HZ. The waveform of the 3 phase is easy to distort.

• 2) Ideal state:

   In ideally, the instrument would be controlled by a computer's LabView or hardware binary to complete all IEEE C 37.118.1 (2011 and 2014). In order to achieve precise timing, digital waveforms can be generated by using the 
   FPGA development board, and PCB boards that can accommodate amplifiers and DACs. Transformers also produce 230V waveforms.

Background

Phasor measurement Unit

PMU is a device used to estimate the amplitude and phase angle of phasor in power grid by using synchronous common time source. Nowadays, it is more used to detect whether the smart grid is stable. About the history of PMU, in 1893, Charles Proteus Steinmetz published a paper on clear mathematical descriptions of AC waveforms, which he called phasors, a small point of PMU for the first time. The phasor measurement unit (PMU), which was invented by Dr. Arun G. Phadke and Dr. James S. Thorp at Virginia Tech in 1988, was an early model of PMU, and Macrodyne built the first real PMU in 1992 [3]. Since the 1990s, PMU has been installed in power grids in North America and many other countries in the world. The field test of synchronous phasor measurement technology not only verifies the effectiveness of simultaneous phasor measurement but also accumulates experience for the field operation of PMU [3]. Synchronous phasor measurements will allow people to measure and analyze the state of the entire power system more accurately based on real-time data collected from phasor measurement units located throughout the network. Accurate and time-labeled phasor data can be collected promptly, which allows system controllers to quickly identify power system events, such as power flow problems, frequency variability from different parts of the system and dynamic angle separation problems, through visual systems. The monitoring provides an accurate method for controlling the power flow from multiple energy sources (nuclear, coal, wind). PMU provides utilities with more control and monitoring capabilities and is considered one of the most basic measurement devices in future power systems. PMU can reduce load and other load control technology, honestly realize the management of power system and improve the reliability of power grid by early detection of faults, to achieve the isolation of operating system, to prevent blackouts. Accurate analysis and automatic correction of system degradation source to improve power quality. These are the original intentions of this project [3].