Projects:2020s1-2561 LabView Code for Digilent AD2 Instruments

Introduction

The Digilent Analog Discovery 2 is a low cost device containing two 14 bit 100 MSPS ADC’s and two14 bit 100 MSPS DACs, 16 bidirectional digital IO’s and a Xilinx Spartan 6 (XC6SLX16-1L) FPGA. During 2019, student's produced hardware to interface with the Digilent AD2 for a low cost Impedance Analyser and Transfer Function analyser up to 1 MHz for University Laboratory Use. However, the project was incomplete and the Labview software, hardware and signal processing will need to be improved to provide a functional and accurate device. The accuracy will be improved using software simulations in AWRDE of the hardwave to determine input impedance and stray capacitance which can then be used to produce more accurate data.

That hardware is being adapted to drive mains voltage relays, to turn a load On and Off, and by measuring the voltage change determine the impedance (resistance and inductance) of the mains at the mains frequency under normal operating conditions.

The aim of this project is to firstly improve and adapt the existing LabVIEW code to obtain an accurate impedance analyser. The second task is to then change the LabVIEW code to control the mains voltage relay and measure the voltage drop and phase shift due to the load being switched On and Off and thus calculate the mains impedance. The outcomes from this project will be very useful for ECE laboratories at the University.

Project Team

Project Students

• Shane Rosenboom
• Latif Hossain

Project Supervisors

• Prof. Keith Kikkert
• Dr. Wen Soong

Background

An entire user interface was built using labview pictured below to support the impedance analyser and transfer function analyser capabilities.

For both we used the onboard signal generator to generate sinusoids, the digital IOs to configure the relays of our hardware through which the signal shall pass and the onboard oscillosopes to measure the voltages. At high frequencies, there is a lot of noise so we used IQ demodulation to convert the signal to base band and filter off undesirable components so that we can get an accurate result.

Methods

The voltage divider theorem is the fundamental guiding principle in the design of this impedance analyser. The input voltage (Va) and the output voltage (Vb) are measured using voltage probes, and the reference resistance (R) is known. Given these values are known, the load impedance or impedance under test (Zut) can be calculated by voltage divider. The reference resistor is switched to a value that closely matches the impedance under test to satisfy Vb = Va/2. Best measurement accuracy is achieved under this condition as the input and load impedances match, minimising reflection and maximising power transfer.

System Overview

1) Initialisation The instrument is configured by switching in the reference resistor whose impedance is closest to the device under test. This is done by calculating the voltage gain recursively with different reference resistors.

2) Signal Capture & Processing Sinusoidal waveforms are generated, passing through the device under test and are measured at the output. We can then multiply this measured data with a local oscillator, down converting it using IQ demodulation and filtering which will remove any high frequencies and allow us to use the DC component for calculation calibration and display of the impedance or frequency response

Testing

The data was output and we used AWRDE to model our hardware using this data to determine the best fit model that includes all of the stray capacitances and inductances such that a calibration module could be developed. We also used a 455kHz bandpass filter and a 17kHz low pass filter to test the transfer function. We found that the stray capacitance in the existing hardware was really high and we developed a new PCB with lower capacitance